Effects of organic farming on minerals contents and aroma composition of Clemenules mandarin juice

Consumers demand organic products because they believe that the organic products are more flavorful and respectful to the environment and human health. The effects of organic farming on the minerals contents and aroma composition of Clemenules mandarin juices were studied. Minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg, K, and Na) were quantified using atomic absorption-emission spectroscopy, while volatile compounds were extracted using the dynamic headspace technique and were identified and quantified by GC–MS. In general, organic farming produced a mandarin juice with a higher quality than that produced by conventional agricultural practices. Higher concentrations of both minerals and positive volatile compounds were found in the organic juice, while the formation of off-flavors was higher in the conventional juice, although threshold values were not reached.     

Bioeompatibility of Compounds of Extracellular Matrix and Thermally Reversible Hydrogel

A new scaffold material composed of extracellular matrix （ECM） and thermal sensitive hydrogel （HG）, and evaluated its biocompatibility were investigated. We cultured bladder smooth muscle cells with this compound material, and then observed with phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscope （SEM） to assess the cell growth and morphology. The cell adhesion and proliferation were detected with MTT assay and cell count. Results show the ECM/HG compounds appeared as a net-like and red-stained construction with enough meshes and without any cellular fragments. 6 h after implantation, cells were observed adhere on the compounds and extend spurious along the fibers 12 h later. Under SEM even some ECM was observed to be secreted. MTT assay shows there was obvious statistic difference among 3 groups （P〈0.05）. ECM/HG compound materials show a good biocompatibility, which confirms that it would be an ideal tissue engineering scaffolds.     

对集成电路封装塑封料湿敏性评定技术的探讨

在有关塑封料的湿度浸入研究中,湿气或者是穿过聚合物渗透,或者是沿着引线与密封树脂之间的界面渗透。本文主要是通过试验对与湿度渗透有关的新一代树脂的特性给予评定,并判定引线框架通路是如何影响湿度浸入的。     

Alternating,all-trans polyenynes: Model compounds for poly(diacetylene)s with defined conjugation length

The syntheses of polyenynes as model compounds for poly(diacetylene)s (PDAs) are described. Variation of properties (UV–VIS, Raman, NMR and bond geometries) as a function of the chain length was investigated. After extrapolation to infinite chain length these data were compared to those for PDAs. From UV–VIS spectra a value of λ = 551 nm (2.25 eV) was calculated corresponding to the electronic transition of a single polyenyne chain. This energy is located at the low energy end of a yellow PDA solution spectrum. From Raman scattering v_(C?C) = 2108–2128 cm^?1 and v_(C?C) = 1505–1532 cm^?1 were calculated after extrapolation. Similarly sp-C¹³C NMR data yielded a shift of δ = 100 ppm. These data are almost identical to data known for yellow PDA solutions. Bond geometries are almost identical to those of poly(diacetylene)s and theoretical data.     

Studies on the structural and ionic transport properties at elevated temperatures of La1−xMnO3±δ synthesized by a wet chemical method

Structural transformation and ionic transport properties are investigated on wet-chemically synthesized La_1−xMnO₃ (x=0.0–0.18) compositions. Powders annealed in oxygen/air at 1000–1080 K exhibit cubic symmetry and transform to rhombohedral on annealing at 1173–1573 K in air/oxygen. Annealing above 1773 K in air or in argon/helium at 1473 K stabilized distorted rhombohedral or orthorhombic symmetry. Structural transformations are confirmed from XRD and TEM studies. The total conductivity of sintered disks, measured by four-probe technique, ranges from 5 S cm⁻¹ at 298 K to 105 S cm⁻¹ at 1273 K. The ionic conductivity measured by blocking electrode technique ranges from 1.0×10⁻⁶ S cm⁻¹ at 700 K to 2.0×10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 1273 K. The ionic transference number of these compositions ranges from 3.0×10⁻⁵ to 5.0×10⁻⁵ at 1273 K. The activation energy deduced from experimental data for ionic conduction and ionic migration is 1.03–1.10 and 0.80–1.00 eV, respectively. The activation energy of formation, association and migration of vacancies ranges from 1.07 to 1.44 eV.     

A Quantum Chemical Study on Hexanuclear Cluster Halides of Rare Earth Elements and Their Interstitial Compounds

The electronic structures of rare earth cluster halides R(R_6X_(12)) and their interstitial compounds R_7X_(12)Zwere studied by the DV-X_(?) method (R=Sc,Y,Pr,Gd or Er;X=Cl,Br or I;Z=B,C,N,Fe,Co or Ru).Theresults show that because f electrons in empty rare earth cluster are screened,their orbitals are more difficult tooverlap each other,a deficiency of skeleton orbitals in cluster causing the system to be unstable.They are easilycondensed into chain compound R_2X_3 or R_5X_8.If a light atom of main group is embedded into octahedralcluster,bonding orbitals formed from interstitial atom and rare earth cluster strengthen clusterskeleton bond in the system to reach structural stability.If embedded atom belongs to transition metal,bondingorbitals composed of that of interstitial atom and rare earth cluster take the place of original cluster skeletonorbitals to form heteronuclear metal cluster (or double-coordination compound).     

Synthesis,Properties, and Photopolymerization of Liquid‐Crystalline Oxetanes: Application in Transflective Liquid‐Crystal Displays

Mixtures of liquid‐crystalline di‐oxetanes and mono‐oxetanes are made for the purpose of making birefringent films by photopolymerization. The composition of a di‐oxetane mixture that forms spin‐coated films of planarly aligned nematic monomers is reported. These films are photopolymerized in air. The molecular order of the monomers can be changed on the microscale to form thin films with alternating birefringent and isotropic parts by using a combination of photopolymerization and heating. The interface observed between the birefringent and isotropic 10 μm × 10 μm domains is very sharp and the films show hardly any surface corrugation. In addition, the polymerized films are thermally stable, making them very suitable for use as patterned thin‐film retarders in high‐performance transflective liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) which satisfy customer demand for displays that are brighter and thinner and that deliver better optical performance than conventional LCDs with an external non‐patterned retarder.     

Synthesis and properties of polystyrene/graphite nanocomposites

In this paper, graphite/polystyrene nanocomposite is synthesized by in situ polymerization of styrene in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution system of potassium (K)-THF-graphite intercalation compound (GIC). K-THF-GIC has proved to initiate polymerization of styrene by the anionic mechanism. Due to the interfacial interaction between the graphite nanolayers and the polymer, the composites exhibit higher glass transition temperature and higher thermal stability when compared to polystyrene. The percolation threshold in the conductivity of the composites is lesser than 8.2 wt% and the dielectric constant can reach as high as 136.     

Fabrication of Arsenic Sulfide Optical Fiber with Low Hydrogen Impurities

Arsenic sulfide glass optical fibers typically possess extrinsic absorption bands in the infrared wavelength region associated with residual hydrogen and oxygen related impurities, despite using purified precursors. We report a purification process based on the addition of tellurium tetrachloride (TeCl₄) to the glass. During melting, the chlorine from TeCl₄ reacts with the hydrogen impurities to produce volatile products (e.g., HCl) that can be removed by subsequent dynamic distillation. The processing conditions have been modified accordingly to produce optical fibers with significantly reduced loss due to hydrogen sulfide impurity content (1.5 dB/m).