A damage model for assessing pipeline safety in corrosion environments

Considering such practical pipeline service conditions in the petroleum transportation field as corrosion from harmful media (H₂S, CO₂ etc.) and load from the pressure of flowing petroleum as key factors, the degradation of the mechanical properties of pipeline steels and the corresponding variations in stress states are studied. A damage variable is introduced to reflect the degradation in the mechanical properties of the pipeline due to corrosion. A diluted solution approach is proposed to model the corrosion process of harmful media within the pipeline and the distribution of the damage variable along the radial direction of the pipeline is derived. An approach to the safety evaluation of damaged pipeline is proposed by comparing the instant properties of pipeline steels with servicing conditions.     

Analytic Model of Laminar‐Turbulent Transition for Bingham Plastics

It is often desirable to operate industrial pipelines transporting non‐Newtonian materials near the transition from laminar to turbulent flow. For the commonly used Bingham plastic model, the Hedström technique overestimates turbulent flow friction losses because it does not take account of viscous‐layer thickening. In the present paper, the Wilson‐Thomas model is applied to predict the transition point for Bingham plastics. Laminar and turbulent friction losses are calculated to show that conditions at transition depend only on the Hedström number. The results are approximated by simplified fit functions. Comparison with existing empirical correlations and experimental data from various sources shows satisfactory agreement.     

New analysis of non-newtonian turbulent flowndashyield-power-law fluids

The writers' new analysis of non-Newtonian turbulent flow is extended to the yield-power-law model. As the value of the exponent of the yield-power law decreases from unity, the calculated friction factor begins by converging toward the Newtonian line at high velocity, then parallels it, and finally diverges downward. This prediction agrees with previously unexplained experimental results.     

通用突变控制方法及其在潜艇中的应用

运用非线性动力学和突变理论,研究了高维系统建立具有理想特性突变的控制方法.引入冲失滤波器保证系统平衡点不变,并利用隐式判据、中心流形定理以及规范形法确定控制增益.以潜艇空间运动为例,阐述计算的全过程.该控制方法简便、快捷,可广泛应用到实际控制系统的设计中.     

淮水北调输水管道关键技术研究与应用

介绍了输水主管道的设计制造关键技术问题,通过比较备选管材特性,研究了选用的PCCP管道设计制作技术、空气阀布置设计和管道基座安装技术,对管道铺设方案、煤矿塌陷区的地基变形进行了分析。     

潜伏浇口型腔板-推杆二级推件薄圆盘注塑模

设计了一种特殊的潜伏浇口型腔板-推杆二级推件薄圆盘注塑模，论述了模具结构特点和工作原理。该模具采用潜伏浇口型腔板-推杆二级脱模机构。推出塑件时，先依靠与塑件接触面积大的型腔板推动塑件，使塑件先与型芯分离，然后推杆将塑件推出型腔。模具结构简单紧凑，工作可靠，操作方便，成型塑件质量好。     

注塑模具型腔皮纹制作工艺

介绍了模具型腔照相腐蚀装蚀纹加工的原理,对感光液、腐蚀液的配方设计进行了讨论,并叙述了注塑模具型腔皮纹的制作工艺。     

用于水下机器人导航的序列海底图像配准方法

为了增加深海海底图像匹配对应点的数量和正确率. 本文针对水下机器人导航的序列海底图像, 提出了基于图像信息和先验知识的带状对应点配准方法. 首先对深海海底图像进行适当的光照补偿和图像线性增强等预处理. 然后利用导航数据作为引导思想, 根据拍摄图像的物理位置偏移量, 计算邻接图像相似区域(即邻接图像带状区域). 以带状区域内计算特征对应点代替全局计算特征对应点. 增加图像配准点的个数, 降低误配率. 在具有重复纹理和低纹理的深海海底图像实验中证明, 较单独使用图像信息的配准, 该方法有效的增加了图像配准对应点的数量和正确率.     

潜艇水下毁伤试验综合测量与分析方法研究

为解决潜艇水下毁伤单次试验中测试测量要素与数据分析不够完备的问题,着眼单次试验获取尽可能多的有效试验数据,提出一种潜艇水下爆炸毁伤试验的综合测试测量方法,分试验前、试验中和试验后3个阶段对测量要素进行了较为全面的分析,并提出了相应的测点布设方案和试验数据处理方法,通过仿真试验对综合测量与分析方法进行探讨,指出了测试测量与数据分析时需要注意的问题,可为潜艇水下毁伤试验的开展提供参考.     

考虑多因素作用下的RC梁抗力时空退化模型

为研究钢筋混凝土结构锈蚀后的力学性能和抗力退化规律,基于RC梁加速锈蚀试验结果,首先综合考虑均匀锈蚀和点蚀同时发生的影响,对钢筋截面面积的时变模型进行分析,其次探讨裂缝宽度与氯离子扩散系数及RC梁抗力的关系,随后考虑受拉主筋锈蚀不均衡的影响,对结构抗力计算模型进行讨论,最后基于材料性能和结构尺寸的空间变异性,建立RC梁抗力时空退化模型,并对桥梁服役100 a后的抗力进行预测.研究发现:当考虑各参数的空间变异性时,不考虑裂缝影响得到的抗力值比考虑裂缝影响得到的抗力值高了9.91%;考虑各参数空间变异性时的抗力值比不考虑时下降了14.68%;适当的选取波动系数和单元尺寸对考虑结构各参数的空间变异性十分重要;潮汐区和浪溅区环境下结构的剩余抗力分别为初始抗力的43.23%和36.45%,较海岸线大气区环境下的抗力值分别下降了6.73%和21.35%,因此在结构服役期间,应尽量做好防腐措施,减少氯离子侵蚀对结构耐久性的破坏.