大庆重油催化裂化装置现状及改进措施

介绍了大庆石油化工总厂重油催化裂化装置的技术特点和目前国内外催化裂化装置能耗，物耗，开工周期、轻油收率、转化率、加工损失及辛烷值水平现状。通过与先进水平的对比分析，提出大庆石油化工总厂重油催化裂化装置存在的差距及改进措施。     

Ti-23Al-14Nb-3V合金氩弧焊接头的显微组织及其力学性能

研究了预热对Ｔｉ－２３Ａｌ－１４Ｎｂ－３Ｖ合金焊接性，特别是对消除氩弧焊冷裂纹的作用以及对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，焊前预热可有效降低该合金的冷裂倾向。经预热处理后，焊缝区的结晶层状线消失，热影响区的硬度峰得到缓和，整个焊缝的显微硬度分布趋于均匀，但焊缝区的枝晶发生粗化，热影响区有所扩大。焊件接头的拉伸试验表明，预热可使焊缝区的接头强度系数增加，但无论预热与否，接头强度均低于母材强度，且不显示宏观塑性。     

高密度聚乙烯6300M和2480的耐环境应力开裂性能研究

研究了成型塑料管材的两种牌号的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)6300M和2480的耐环境应力开裂(ESCR)性能。研究中采用的测试方法为一般弯曲试片法、在管上取样的弯曲试片法和恒定压应变法-压缩环法。根据两种材料测试结果及与其他牌号HDPE测试数据比较,对他们的ESCR进行评价,并讨论和解释了HDPE结构参数,ESCR与韧性形变和脆性断裂之间的联系。     

Crack Development in Individually Quick Frozen Cut and Peel Carrots

ABSTRACT:  Crack development during freezing (CDF) is one of the major challenges in individually quick frozen (IQF) cut and peel carrot processing. The effects of processing and freezer storage on crack development were examined on the cut and peel carrot variety, Sugarsnax. Carrot samples were removed from the major processing steps, the trans-slicer, the shaper, the blancher, and the dryer, and examined for crack development by measuring percentage cracked, crack morphology, total soluble solids, moisture levels, and membrane injury index immediately after processing. These parameters were also examined following 20 wk of standard freezer storage for cut and peels. Approximately 2% of nonprocessed carrots were cracked compared to 45% of carrots after the initial trans-slicing stage. As the processing continued, cracking decreased due to the removal of the outer epidermis to 16% of the finished product. This suggests that CDF was initiated at the 1st processing stage. Crack width and depth were 2.3 and 2.6 mm, respectively, at the trans-slicer stage and decreased to 1.1 and 1.8 mm at the end of the line. It was found that CDF was further exacerbated by freezer storage due to inefficient water removal at the dryer stage. Crack width and depth increased to 1.5 and 3.0 mm after 20 wk for freezer storage. Root size also played a role in CDF, suggesting that larger pieces are more susceptible to crack development. Total soluble solid concentrations did not play a role in crack formation during cut and peel processing.     

Failure analysis of three reconditioned rail car couplers

Three reconditioned rail car couplers, arbitrarily identified as couplers, failed during service due to cracking of the front face. The three couplers were reportedly upgraded by quenching and tempering to enhance strength and toughness. The objective of this investigation was to determine the mode of crack propagation and the root cause of the observed failures. Verl E. (Bud) Kahle, P.E., was a professional failure analyst for more than forty years. After receiving his Bachelor of Science degree in physical metallurgy from Washington State University 1957, Bud was employed by the General Electric Company at a facility in Hanford, Washington. He later was employed by the Aerojet General Corporation and eventually was head of the Southern Pacific Materials Science Laboratory in Sacramento. After retirement from Southern Pacific he owned and operated his own firm, Kahle Metallurgical Consulting Services, for fifteen years. He came to be known as “the man with the answers” to clients in a variety of industries. Bud was a Life Member of ASM International. Many of Bud’s clients remarked on the high quality of his failure analysis case histories and encouraged him to have them published. After Bud passed away in 1999, his wife, Suzanne, approached ASM International to see if the society would be interested in publishing any of his work. Mrs. Kahle was able to supply a large number of reports, which Bud had carefully archived over the years. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention Associate Editor Michael Stevenson read through the collected case histories, selected the ones to be included in this issue, and edited them for journal publication. ASM International wishes to thank Mrs. Kahle for providing these case histories for publication.     

重油催化裂化装置高温烟气冷却器的改造

对重油催化裂化装置原有的高温烟气冷却器进行改造的情况和改造后的烟冷器的优点进行了详细论述，并对烟冷器改造后带来的经济效益作了简要介绍。     

降低汽油烯烃含量裂化催化剂LBO-12的研制与开发

探讨了催化裂化过程降低汽油烯烃的反应原理，研究了催化剂各组分对裂化汽油性质影响的规律性，围绕提高氢转移活性，提出制备降烯烃裂化催化剂的技术路线，并研制开发了新型LBO-12降烯烃催化剂，固定流化床反应器对中试样品的评价和工业应用结果表明，该催化剂在不损失汽油辛烷值的前提下，降低催化裂化汽油烯烃能力较强，并具有较高的水热活性稳定性和良好的抗重金属污染特性。     

添加剂强化重油催化裂化的过程分析与应用

运用工程化学原理分析讨论了添加剂强化重油催化裂化的过程，包括分散稳定气泡、改善雾化、保护酸中心、抑制焦炭生成以及提高重油气化率的胶体结构改性、降低表面张力和改善微孔润湿，并用以指导强化重油催化裂化添加剂的筛选。建立小型固定流化床催化裂化实验装置评价了添加剂的强化效果。结果表明，添加剂强化重油催化裂化可降低催化剂生焦1．0％左右，提高总液体收率1．0％～2．8％。     

大庆蜡油在酸性催化剂上反应机理的研究

以大庆蜡油为原料，采用两种不同类型的催化剂，在流化床反应器实验装鬣上进行催化裂化反应。结果表明，大庆蜡油在酸性催化剂上反应所产生的干气组成与高烯烃催化裂化汽油相同，干气的产生主要是单分子裂化反应所造成的。从干气产率、组成以及液化气组成可以看出，大庆蜡油在不同类型的催化剂上明显地表现出裂化反应类型的差异。     

催化裂化汽油脱硫助剂的研究

分析了催化裂化汽油脱硫助剂的作用机理。考察了不同种类L酸活性组分的脱硫性能以及L酸活性组分含量对脱硫效率和催化裂化催化剂活性的影响。合成了水溶性的汽油脱硫助剂。在中型试验装置上研究了该助剂活性组分挂载率和脱硫效果。中试结果表明：对不同原料油，所研制的汽油脱硫助剂可降低汽油硫含量15％～18％，并且不会对催化裂化催化剂的活性和产品性质产生不利影响。