橡胶沥青水老化试验研究

沥青路面的长期使用过程中,水是影响沥青老化的主要因素之一。为研究水老化作用方式及水量对橡胶沥青老化性能的影响,本文以橡胶沥青和TOR橡胶沥青两种材料为例,通过改变水作用阶段和用水量试验研究不同水老化方式对橡胶沥青老化后软化点、粘度、疲劳因子、蠕变劲度、蠕变速率的影响。试验结果表明：选择在压力老化前三分之一时间（400min）进行加水压力老化试验,后三分之二时间进行无水压力老化试验的水老化作用方式最具可行性;对比无水压力老化试验和加水压力老化试验可知,水的存在促进了橡胶沥青的热氧老化;随水量的增加,TOR橡胶沥青的高温稳定性能降低,抗疲劳开裂能力和低温性能降低,沥青老化加剧。     

不同强度混凝土静态破碎试验研究

将静态破碎剂在相同用量及相同拌合水温条件下,倒入强度等级分别为C20、C30、C40的混凝土预留孔中进行静态破碎试验,观察混凝土表面裂缝的扩展情况并记录反应过程中混凝土外表面应变变化规律。结果表明：随着混凝土强度等级的提高,混凝土外表面开始出现裂缝的时间逐渐推迟,裂缝扩展的宽度以及混凝土外表面出现裂缝的条数都随着混凝土强度等级的提高而逐渐缩小和减少。在反应过程中,随着混凝土强度等级的提高,混凝土外表面的应变出现明显波动的时间逐渐滞后,不同强度等级的混凝土的四个侧面中,始终有一个侧面产生拉应变,其余三个侧面产生压应变。     

四氢萘催化裂化研究进展

加氢处理油中含有一定量的环烷基单环芳烃,研究四氢萘催化裂化有利于加强对更多环数环烷基单环芳烃催化裂化的认识。综述了四氢萘催化裂化过程的反应机理,认为四氢萘主要遵循单分子裂化机理;从反应活化能、扩散、吸附等动力学角度对四氢萘裂解行为进行了解释;催化剂适宜的孔径和BrØnsted酸强度有利于四氢萘开环;随着反应温度升高、剂/油质量比增大、质量空速减小,四氢萘反应活性增强,同时氢转移反应愈发明显。适宜的催化剂孔径和Brnsted酸强度、反应温度、剂/油质量比以及质量空速有利于四氢萘裂化生成低碳烯烃。     

Equilibrium catalyst from a fluidized catalytic cracking unit separated by metal content by using carbon nanotubes and a biphasic system

During fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) operations FCC catalyst particles become contaminated with various metals. These metals impact FCC performance and currently requires equilibrium catalyst (ECAT) mixtures consisting of a blend of FCC particles with a time spent in the reactor ranging from minutes to several months to be continuously extracted and sold as low value products or sent to landfills. Here a unique method to recycle FCC ECAT particles is presented, which separates ECAT particles by metal content by synthesizing carbon nanotubes and nanofibers on the ECAT particles surface and using a biphasic system. ECAT with low metal content can be sent back to the FCC unit for further use while ECAT with high metal content can be used for other purposes. Further, we show these treated ECAT materials of high metals content will absorb oil on the surface of water and may prove useful for oil spill clean-up applications.     

炉门框铸造裂纹的原因分析及防止措施

根据铸件产生热裂纹的机理，对炉门框裂纹缺陷进行分析，找到了裂纹产生的主要原因是铸件结构和浇注系统不合理，以及浇注温度过高。采取相应措施后，裂纹缺陷明显减少。     

氢致开裂和应力腐蚀机理的前沿问题

本文对各种氢致开裂和应力腐蚀机理进行了评述。指出,把氢促进局部塑性变形和弱键理论以及氢压理论联合起来就有可能发展新的氢致开裂机理;必须深入研究阳极溶解对位错发射,增殖和运动的影响才能提出合理的阳极溶解型应力腐蚀的机理。     

缓蚀剂对316L不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中应力腐蚀开裂的作用

研究表明316L不锈钢在55℃的1mol/L HCl+1mol/L NaCl溶液中对SCC比较敏感。316L不锈钢在所研究的体系中处于活化溶解状态。对添加缓蚀剂的体系的电化学参数的测试和分析表明,缓蚀剂抑制SCC的能力与缓蚀剂抑制阳极反应有关。     

高温预析出对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金显微组织、强度和应力腐蚀抗力的影响

通过改变固溶条件 ,对Al Zn Mg Cu高强铝合金采用先高温后低温的两步固溶处理 (高温预析出 )来改善晶内和晶界的析出状态 ,研究了高温预析出对Al Zn Mg Cu铝合金的金相组织、强度和应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明 ,4 6 5℃高温预析出在保持较高强度和塑性的同时 ,可以改善合金的抗应力腐蚀性能     

热力管线中不锈钢波纹管破裂原因分析

采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析了热力管线中不锈钢 波纹管破裂原因.该波纹管破裂特征与一般环向开裂不同，裂纹沿轴向扩展.分析认为，破裂 属穿晶应力腐蚀.引起应力腐蚀的介质是土壤中的氯化物，而应力则来自环向工作应力和冷 加工残余应力，而环向工作应力起主导作用。     

Oxidation-Rate Excursions During the Oxidation of Copper in Gaseous Environments at Moderate Temperatures

The kinetics of oxidation of copper powders in oxygen and in dry and humid air was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The extent of oxidation grew linearly with time until the weight-based thickness of the oxide film reached 0.13–1.22 nm, depending on the temperature. Between 30 and 90°C there was little difference between the kinetic curves observed in air and in oxygen, respectively. Higher humidity of the air resulted in an increased oxidation rate. Following the initial linear segment, the oxidation kinetics could be best described in terms of a logarithmic rate law between 30 and 45°C and in terms of a power law between 60 and 90°C. The activation energy for the initial linear stage was (44±2) kJ and for the subsequent oxidation (102±12) kJ. Delayed increases in oxidation rate were observed with a ca. 0.1-m powder around 100°C, with a ca. 1-m powder around 320°C, and with a < 10m powder around 360°C. A three-stage model consisting of an initial linear stage, parabolic growth culminating in cracking of the oxide film, and subsequent re-start of the parabolic growth, gave good agreement with the experimental data. Whenever the powder is relatively uniform and the distribution of film-cracking times among the powder grains is narrow, e.g., within 23% of the median cracking time, an increase in the oxidation rate of the entire sample can be observed.