立方形纳米碳酸钙的工业制备

介绍了工业制备高品质立方形纳米碳酸钙普遍适用的工艺路线及化学原理，提出了新的碳化反应模型、速率方程和晶体形貌控制理论，并讨论了生产过程中影响碳酸钙粒径的各种因素。     

Li2O和B2O3对含稀土氧化物结晶器保护渣结晶相的影响

通过在结晶器保护渣中添加Li2O和B2O3作助熔剂,在实验室内模拟渣膜的形成条件,结合岩相和扫描电镜能谱分析,研究了Li2O3和B2O3对含稀土氧化物保护渣结晶矿物组成的影响.结果表明:稀土氧化物可以促进保护渣中枪晶石析出,抑制玻璃相形成,提高保护渣结晶率;当稀土氧化物含量达到一定数值,保护渣结晶矿物中可以形成稀土硅酸钙相,稀土氧化物继续增加,会有未溶稀土氧化物固态质点出现;保护渣中加入少量B2O3和Li2O作助熔剂,不仅可以促进硅灰石生成,而且能够有效抑制高熔点的枪晶石和稀土硅酸钙形成,防止渣膜形成过程中过早析出高熔点相.     

非晶态化学镀Ni-Sn-P合金镀层变温晶化的研究

研究了非晶态Ni-Sn-P合金镀层的变温化过程,由实验得出Ni-Sn-P合金约在350℃开始晶化,450℃左右晶化结束,并测得Ni-Sn-P合金变温晶化激活能为233KJ·moL~(-1)。     

Isothermal crystallization and spherulite structure of partially miscible polypropylene–linear low-density polyethylene blends

Polypropylene (PP) was blended with a linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE, containing 5% hexene comonomer) over a composition range of 10–90% of PP. The crystallization and morphology of the PP–LLDPE blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy with a hot stage (HSOM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In particular, the isothermal crystallization of PP in molten LLDPE was investigated. It was observed that the crystallization and melting behavior of PP and LLDPE changed in the blends, indicating that there was some degree of miscibility between the PP and the LLDPE. A depression of the equilibrium melting temperature (T) of PP in the blends with no more than 15% of PP confirmed that PP was miscible with LLDPE at and below 15% of PP. In addition, a drastic decrease in T from the 25% PP blend to the 20% blend led us to conclude that the miscible behavior between PP and LLDPE became favorable at a PP concentration of 20%. The optical microscopic images showed that, in the blends with 10 and 15% of PP, the PP crystallized as open-armed diffuse spherulites, similar to those in the miscible blends. In contrast, the PP crystallized in a phase-separated matrix or droplets with more than 25% of PP, when obvious phase separation occurred. The SEM image revealed that the PP lamella was able to penetrate the PP and LLDPE phase boundary and grow in the LLDPE phase. The above results displayed that the PP dissolved in the LLDPE, and, particularly, when the PP concentration was below 20%, the dissolution was substantial. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 628–639, 2001     

JITL-based concentration control for semi-batch pH-shift reactive crystallization of l-glutamic acid

Although concentration control (C-control) strategy has been shown to give effective and robust control performance for batch cooling and semi-batch antisolvent crystallizations in recent years, no research work was reported concerning the potential application of conventional C-control for the more challenging semi-batch pH-shift reactive crystallization that is common in the process industries. To this end, this paper presents detailed analysis to find out that it is not feasible to apply the C-control to semi-batch pH-shift reactive crystallization. To circumvent this problem, a variant of C-control strategy by incorporating the Just-in-Time Learning (JITL) method to cope with strong process nonlinearity inherent in the pH-shift reactive crystallization is developed in this paper. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the proposed design and a comparison with conventional optimal control is made.     

Effects of an organic phosphorus nucleating agent on crystallization behaviors and mechanical properties of poly(propylene)

The effects of an organic phosphorus nucleating agent on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of poly(propylene) were investigated. As the concentration of nucleating agent increased from 0 to 0.8%, the tensile and flexural strengths of the nucleated poly(propylene) resin increased by 15%, the flexural modulus increased by 35%, the crystallization peak temperature increased by 10°C, and the nucleation density (calculated with the nonlinear Voltrra integral equation) increased by 10⁶ times. Mechanical properties increased with nucleation density. Linear equations between the mechanical properties and the logarithmic nucleation density were revealed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 297–301, 2003     

聚丙烯／滑石粉复合材料的等温结晶动力学

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究聚丙烯(PP)及PP／滑石粉复合材料的等温结晶过程。用Avrami方程全面分析PP／滑石粉的等温结晶动力学，并由此获得相关的动力学参数；用Kissinger方程研究滑石粉对PP／滑石粉复合材料结晶活化能的影响。研究表明：加入滑石粉后明显提高PP／滑石粉复合材料的结晶速率和结晶度；证明滑石粉能促进PP材料的结晶，并在PP结晶过程中起到异相成核作用。PP／滑石粉复合材料的等温结晶过程属于典型的异相成核机理。     

5’-单磷酸腺苷在乙醇-水中介稳区性质研究

针对5’-单磷酸腺苷(5’-AMP)在溶析结晶中易出现爆发结晶的问题,分别采用静态法和激光法测定了293—323 K下5’-AMP在纯水以及溶剂体积比为0.3—2.0的乙醇-水体系中的溶解度和超溶解度,以指数经验关联式建立了超溶解度关联式,并在试验条件下考察了温度、乙醇流速、pH值和搅拌速率对介稳区宽度的影响。运用中心复合设计预测了5’-AMP在本溶析结晶体系中介稳区间,并用扫描电镜观察了5’-AMP在结晶条件优化前后晶体形态的变化情况,为工业生产中提高结晶产品质量提供了理论指导。     

Properties and crystallization kinetics of poly(ether ether ketone)‐co‐poly(ether ether ketone ketone) block copolymers

A series of block copolymers composed of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and poly(ether ether ketone ketone) (PEEKK) components were prepared from their corresponding oligomers via a nucleophlilic aromatic substitution reaction. Various properties of the copolymers were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a tensile testing machine. The results show that the copolymers exhibited no phase separation and that the relationship between the glass‐transition temperature (T_g) and the compositions of the copolymers approximately followed the formula T_g = T_g1X₁ + T_g2X₂, where T_g1 and T_g2 are the glass‐transition‐temperature values of PEEK and PEEKK, respectively, and X₁ and X₂ are the corresponding molar fractions of the PEEK and PEEKK segments in the copolymers, respectively. These copolymers showed good tensile properties. The crystallization kinetics of the copolymers were studied. The Avrami equation was used to describe the isothermal crystallization process. The nonisothermal crystallization was described by modified Avrami analysis by Jeziorny and by a combination of the Avrami and Ozawa equations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1652–1658, 2005