尿液喷浆造粒——复合肥生产的一种新工艺

介绍在团粒法工艺的基础上 ,将尿素熔融成尿液或用尿素车间二段蒸发器的尿液进行喷浆造粒生产复合肥的改造方案、改造内容、改造效果和投资情况。     

Thermal and flow properties of oils from salmon heads

Thermal and flow properties of unrefined oils from the heads of red or pink salmon were evaluated. Major thermal degradation of the salmon oils occurred between 200 and 450°C. Red and pink salmon oils were completely decomposed at 533 and 668°C, respectively. The phase transition of salmon oils occurred over a wide range of temperatures. The melting points of −69.6 to −0.36°C and −64.7 to 20.8°C were observed for red and pink salmon oils, respectively. The enthalpy was 40 j/g for red salmon oil and 39 j/g for pink salmon oil. Specific heat capacity ranges of 0.8 to 1.6 and 1.3 to 2.3 j/g/°C were observed for red and pink salmon oils, respectively. Both salmon oils exhibited Newtonian flow behavior. Red salmon oil required higher magnitudes of energy (kj·mol⁻¹) to flow than pink salmon oil. The viscosity of salmon oils was temperature-dependent and could be predicted by the Arrhenius equation.     

Ablation of ice-solids and wax-solids mixtures in turbulent axisymmetric water jets

The ablation rate of frozen mixtures of water or wax with finely divided solids subjected to a turbulent axisymmetric water jet was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. The range of the water jet Reynolds number was 8700–29300 and the jet temperature varied between 22 and 60°C. The solids used were very fine kaolinite clay, titanium oxide and aluminium powder. The type of solids and their concentration were found to affect the ablation rate of ice-solids and wax-solids mixtures. This is mainly due to changes in the physical properties of the melt layer of the water-solids or wax-solids mixtures which forms between the impinging jet and the frozen mixtures.     

滴丸动力黏度的实验研究

复方丹参滴丸是治疗冠心病等疾病的纯中药固体制剂.在滴丸滴制时,滴丸的动力黏度影响滴丸成品的外观质量,如圆整度、硬度、大小和干裂度等.本文研究复方丹参滴丸制剂的含水率和溶化温度对滴丸动力黏度的影响.通过实验测定和数据分析得出,滴丸制剂的溶化温度在75℃~85℃,滴丸制剂含水率为6%~10%的条件下,滴丸的动力黏度值基本恒定,滴丸的滴制效果最佳.实验结果已经用于制订新的生产工艺,指导实际药品的生产.     

尿液喷浆造粒--生产复合肥的一种新工艺

简述了在团粒法工艺的基础上，用尿素熔融尿液或尿素车间二段蒸发器的尿液进行喷浆造粒生产复合肥的改造方案、改造内容、改造效果和投资情况。     

Crystallization behavior of starch‐filled polypropylene

Starches of different granule sizes, including corn, rice, and amaranth starches, were used to prepare starch‐filled polypropylene (PP) and the effect of starch granule size on crystallization behavior PP was investigated. Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to monitor the energy changes of the crystallization of the melt and to characterize the morphology of PP/starch composites, respectively. Little interaction was observed between starch and PP despite the difference in starch granule size. The crystallization temperature of PP decreased with the addition of starch and this decrease became more apparent with increasing starch granule size. During nonisothermal crystallization, the dependency of the relative degree of crystallinity on time was described by the Avrami equation. The addition of starch decreased the overall crystallization rate of PP, which was attributed to an increase in the activation energy of crystallization under nonisothermal conditions according to the Kissinger equation. An increase in starch granule size of starch would increase the crystallization activation energy of PP and consequently decrease its crystallization rate. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 484–492, 2004     

基于拟三元等温图对宁东粉煤灰高温熔融流动特性的研究

在气流床气化炉的实际运行中,经常需要寻求最优的进料煤调配方案以调控煤灰的熔融流动特性。借助SiO₂-Al₂O₃-AAEM(CaO+MgO+Na₂O+K₂O)拟三元等温图,分析了不同组成的宁东煤灰熔融特性,并结合X-射线衍射(XRD)探究了灰在熔化过程中的矿物质转化规律。发现熔融温度在拟三元等温图中呈现U型分布。当SiO₂、Al₂O₃和AAEM质量分数分别为37.5%、25.0%和37.5%时,灰的熔融温度达到最低,流动温度比宁东煤灰降低40 ℃。对灰熔化过程中矿物质转化分析发现,熔化过程中石英与氧化钙会发生矿物质转化反应生成低熔点的钙黄长石和长石,对其熔化具有明显的促进作用;对灰熔化后形成液态熔渣的黏-温特性曲线分析发现,该比例下灰样品同时具有最低的临界黏性温度(T_CV=1107 ℃)和最低的黏性流动活化能(E_a=282.86 kJ/mol),可有效降低气化炉的操作温度。研究表明,拟三元等温图对于气化原料配煤方案可起到一定的指导作用。     

新型Ni3Al/石墨高温固体自润滑材料的制备及其性能

采用熔炼法, 制备出新型Ni3Al/石墨抗高温、耐腐蚀固体自润滑材料.结果表明: Al不仅是强化合金基体的元素, 而且是一种使片状石墨转变为球状石墨的球化剂; 铝与氧结合成渣降低了氧在石墨表面的吸附.建立了界面能和过冷度对石墨生长形态影响的动力学模型; 分析表明, 石墨在洁净的液态金属中结晶, 由于(1010)棱面与(0001)基面的温度回升速率的差异, 促使石墨球状生长.石墨经球化处理后, 材料的冲击韧性得到提高; 将该材料与GCr15轴承钢及45﹟退火钢进行干摩擦磨损时, 摩擦因数分别为0.36和0.40.     

Laser melting of Ti-15Al-20Nb alloy

Titanium aluminides have become promising materials for high-temperature applications, but the relatively poor oxidation resistance and elevated- temperature strength of these alloys limit their application to temperatures lower than 1000 °C. Niobium addition improves the properties of titanium aluminide. However, the mechanical, metallurgical, and corrosion properties of Ti- Al- Nb may be improved by treatment with a laser beam. Consequently, the present study examines the properties of Ti- 15Al- 20Nb alloy subjected to the Nd:YAG laser melting process. Hardness in the surface region increases to twice the base material hardness, and corrosion resistance improves considerably after laser treatment.     

表面处理对球墨铸铁接触疲劳性能的影响

本文研究了激光微熔处理和高频感应加热淬火对球墨铸铁表面组织、接触疲劳强度和接触疲劳破坏过程的影响。结果表明,激光处理和高频淬火均可提高球铁的接触疲劳强度,但其接触疲劳破坏过程和形式却不同,前者是由于硬化层与基体间裂纹扩展造成大块深层剥落,后者则是表层裂纹在油楔作用下造成小块浅层脱落。