La0．67Mg0．33Ni2．5Co0．5贮氢合金的制备和MH电极性能研究

采用高频感应熔炼方法制备了PuNi3型La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金;用X射线衍射分析和电化学方法研究了添加不同Mg含量以补偿Mg元素烧损时合金的组织结构和电化学性能。X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明,铸态合金由．PuNi3型主相和少量的CaCu5型第二相组成,铸态合金经1223K和10h退火处理后,CaCu5型第二相可明显减少,其中Mg增加10％时得到纯度较高的PuNi3型组织。电化学测试表明,增加适当Mg含量和进行退火热处理能明显提高和改善合金电极容量、循环稳定性和大电流放电性能。与AB5型和。482型Laves相贮氢合金比较,PuNi3型La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5贮氢合金具有电极容量高及优良的大电流放电性能。     

集成一体化智能熔点仪的设计

介绍由微控制器（单片机）、温度传感器、加热系统、搅拌系统、键盘和LCD显示等组成的集成一体化智能熔．最仪的工作原理,阐述其硬件电路结构和软件程序设计,并进行反复实验。实验结果表明：该仪器控温精度达到4-0．2℃,线性升温误差不超过0．5％,各项指标符合国家药典标准,具有硬件结构简单、软件算法科学的特点,能够低成本、高精度地实现对温度的控制。     

An overview on microwave processing of material: A special emphasis on glass melting

Material processing adopting microwave heating has emerged as an alternative tool owing to faster processing, a cleaner environment, and several other advantages. This review provides a summary of recent reports of microwave synthesis of materials. This study reviews the use of microwave energy for application in several material processing technologies apart from food processing. A special emphasis has been made in the processing of glass adopting microwave energy. Melting of glass comprising SiO₂, P₂O₅, B₂O₃ as the main building block has been discussed. It has been revealed that silica, a microwave transparent material as reported earlier, can be heated under microwave heating directly. Microwave absorption of raw materials and different glass system has been discussed. Dielectric properties, particularly loss tangent or loss factor, are presented for some glass composition. Less evaporation of ingredient and low contamination from the crucible wall are noticed during glass melting using microwave heating. Enhanced iron redox ratio (Fe⁺²/∑Fe) in microwave processing may be considered an advantage in the preparation of heat absorbing filter glass. Small-scale glass melting using the microwave heating has a significant impact on energy and time saving. However, the challenges associated with the upscaling glass melting with microwave heating and future scope have been talked about.     

Analytical modelling of residual stress in additive manufacturing

A physics‐based analytical model to assess residual stresses in additive manufacturing made of metallic materials is presented and validated experimentally. The model takes into consideration the typical multi‐pass aspect of additive manufacturing. First, the thermal signature of the process is assessed by predicting the temperature for the problem of a moving heat source, then, the thermally induced stresses in a homogenous semi‐infinite medium are determined. Taking the thermal stresses as input, the residual stresses are calculated analytically to obtain the distribution across the depth. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical prediction and X‐ray measurements made on Selective Laser Melted 316L Stainless Steel. In addition, the analytical approach enables in‐depth interpretations of results with basis in the true mechanisms of the process. Thus, the present model appears as a promising tool for optimization of process parameters in additive manufacturing, which in turn will improve the understanding of process parameters and their effect on properties of the final product.     

蓄冷板释冷过程的数值模拟和实验研究

对蓄冷板内共晶液的热力学特性进行了分析,并且建立了蓄冷板释冷的数学模型。通过数值模拟的方法,模拟了NaCl蓄冷板在初始温度为-30℃,环境温度为-10℃、0℃和10℃三种不同温度条件下的释冷过程,并且通过相关的实验研究,对模拟结果的准确性进行了验证。通过研究得到了蓄冷板在不同条件下的释冷过程及特点。研究结果表明:在NaCl蓄冷板的释冷过程中,当其所处的环境温度高于-21.2℃,即其共晶温度时,外界环境温度会对冷板内共晶冰开始发生相变的时刻产生较大影响;外界环境温度越高,蓄冷板内共晶冰开始融化到完全融化所需要的时间越短。计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,两者之间的平均偏差小于0.5℃,说明数学模型及计算方法的可靠性。     

聚丙烯发泡珠粒的结晶熔融行为与发泡特性

以CO_2为发泡剂,用高压釜式法制备了发泡聚丙烯(EPP)珠粒。采用差示扫描量热仪和扫描电子显微镜探讨了发泡温度(T_f)和发泡压力(p_f)对EPP结晶熔融行为和发泡特性的影响。结果表明,分别提高发泡温度或压力,EPP的熔融双峰均向高温方向移动,低温晶体与高温晶体的结晶度之比增大,而且温度对双峰的影响比压力更敏感。p_f在2~4 MPa内,EPP的发泡倍率和泡孔密度随p_f增大而增大;T_f在133.6~140℃间,发泡倍率和泡孔尺寸随T_f升高而变大,泡孔密度随T_f升高而变小。在T_f为133.6℃,pf为4 MPa时,EPP的熔融双峰结构比例合适,发泡倍率较大,泡孔密度最大且尺寸分布均匀、表面光滑。     

电子束辐照对尼龙66纤维结构和力学性能的影响

研究了室温空气条件下电子束辐照剂量(范围0~1000 k Gy)对尼龙66纤维结构和力学性能的影响。利用广角X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪、扫描电镜以及YG065型织物强力仪等测试方法研究了不同辐照剂量尼龙66的特性黏数、晶型结构、取向度、结晶和熔融行为,以及表面形貌和力学性能。研究结果表明,在设置的辐照剂量范围内,随着剂量的增加,纤维原有的晶型结构不变,但是,伴随辐照诱导非晶区分子链的重排,纤维的结晶度提高,取向有所改善,而结晶和熔融温度向低温偏移,熔融峰出现宽化。说明辐照主要导致尼龙66分子链氧化降解,降低其热稳定性,在电子束的撞击下,纤维表面产生了微裂纹,增加了应力集中,破坏了纤维的力学性能。     

肉豆蔻酸/改性粉煤灰复合相变储能材料的制备及性能研究

以肉豆蔻酸(MA)为相变储能基材、改性粉煤灰为复合基底,采用熔融混合法制备了肉豆蔻酸/改性粉煤灰复合相变储能材料。利用TG/DTA与IR分析研究了复合相变储能材料的热性能与结构。结果表明:MA可均匀地嵌入改性粉煤灰的多孔结构中。经过400次储放热循环后,其相变温度和相变焓变化都不大,表现出较好的储热稳定性,有望在储能方面得到实际的应用。     

La1-xNdxB6单晶的制备及热电子发射性能

以LaB_6和NdB_6粉末为原料,采用区域熔炼法成功制备了大尺寸、高质量的多元稀土六硼化物La_(1-x)Nd_xB_6(x=0.1~0.3)单晶,并测试了该系列单晶(100)晶面的热电子发射性能。本实验制备的单晶长度大于40mm,直径大于4mm。单晶衍射、劳埃照片、晶面摇摆曲线、单晶断口扫描等检测结果表明单晶质量较高,热发射测试结果表明在1 873K、4 000V下,单晶零场电流发射密度随着Nd含量增加从6.01A/cm~2降为4.83A/cm~2,有效逸出功从2.88eV增大到2.95eV。     

Mg-Nd-Y-Zr合金的无熔剂保护制备工艺研究

以金属镁、金属钕、镁钇中间合金和镁锆中间合金为原料,进行Mg-Nd-Y-Zr合金的无熔剂制备工艺的研究。通过考察熔炼温度、熔炼时间、合金液静置时间以及浇铸温度等工艺参数对合金收率、合金元素收率以及合金元素偏析程度等技术指标的影响,结合对合金铸态组织结构的研究,确定Mg-Nd-Y-Zr合金的均质纯净化制备工艺条件为:熔炼温度770℃、熔炼时间150 min、物料加入速率50 g/min、保护气中SF6体积分数0.1%、合金液静置时间60 min以及浇铸温度740℃。该工艺条件下,合金收率大于96%,合金元素偏析程度为±(0.05~0.15)%(质量分数),合金元素含量偏差±(0.03~0.10)%(质量分数),合金内部无氧化缺陷,无杂质元素的引入富集。合金中的典型强化相为Mg41Nd5、Mg12Nd及Mg2Y相,呈网状分布,钕和钇元素对合金具有弥散强化作用;锆元素在合金中具有晶粒细化和铁杂质去除的双重作用。