智能井用管线切割工具设计

采用智能完井技术的油井,修井周期长,长年生产的井中积累较多的油垢、胶质等杂物,修井时起出管柱较为困难。在管柱起出遇卡时,常规的切割工具只能对油管进行切割,无法对井下工具的控制管线进行切割。设计了一种专用的管线切割工具。介绍了该工具的结构、工作原理、技术参数、施工工艺。分析了关键结构的强度。通过ANSYS软件对管线剪切模型进行有限元分析,结果表明管线切割工具可承受拉力达800 kN,可对6根不同尺寸多种组合的控制管线进行切割。进行下部管柱打捞过程中,不会有冗杂的管线阻碍打捞作业。     

深井裸眼封隔器分段酸压管柱打捞实践

安岳气田灯影组气藏广泛采用大斜度井/水平井裸眼封隔器分段酸压工艺试油完井,悬挂封隔器及下部管柱被“永久性”留在井下。如果利用原裸眼侧钻,则需要打捞分段酸压管柱至套管鞋以下30 m左右。MX126井和GS121井前期打捞作业历时均超过50 d,打捞效率非常低,主要原因为：悬挂封隔器双向锚定,裸眼封隔器和连接油管埋卡严重且位于大斜度井段,压井后长时间静止埋卡越来越严重;钻井液压井后切割油管受阻,没有完成落鱼切割分段;套磨铣导致封隔器解体,倒扣时落鱼出现多处退扣,倒扣打捞效率低。针对上述问题,优化了打捞技术措施：钻井液压井前,采用泵送径向切割工艺在清水中切割油管,确保切割成功率;采用带压拔出插管循环压井,缩短钻井液浸泡时间,降低次生卡钻风险;优选磨铣工具和打捞工具,优化磨铣工艺和震击解卡打捞工艺,维持落鱼完整性、力求捞出整段被切割落鱼。该技术成功应用于MX146井和GS127井后期的打捞作业,分别用时12 d和5 d。该技术可以显著提高裸眼封隔器分段酸压管柱的打捞效率,具有推广应用价值。     

A global cutter positioning method for multi-axis machining of sculptured surfaces

Traditional cutter positioning methods have defects of global errors and incomplete optimization. Because of using local differential geometry and focusing on the cutting contact point, these defects cannot be avoided and will deteriorate accuracy in precision machining. The authors presented the conception of actual cutting edge of a toroidal mill which was extended from cutting contact point, and pointed out its importance in programming. Instantaneous cutter position error (ICPE) was also investigated. A new global method based on the ICPE curve was presented. Taking the relationship between surface and cutter into consideration thoroughly, this global method shows many advantages which have been verified by simulation and cutting tests.     

High temperature corrosion mechanisms and effect of alloying elements for materials used in waste incineration environment

Corrosion products on two typical materials, SA213-T12 steel and alloy 625 exposed to the actual combustion gas, were analyzed in addition to laboratory tests for penetration of corrosive matter. It has been clarified that corrosion products of oxides containing a little chlorides and sulphides show lamellar structures and that at the alloy-scale interface, chlorination, sulphidation, and oxidation occur under a low P_O2-high P_Cl2 condition. The formation of scale structures and the effect of corrosion-resistant alloying elements can be explained according to the stability tendencies of metals, chlorides, and oxides in the M-Cl-O equilibrium diagrams. The severity of corrosion environments at the interface is influenced by the penetration extent of corrosive matters through deposits and scales, and the protective effects of oxide films derived from alloying elements play an important role in preventing the corrosion. On the other hand, it has been shown that thermal fluctuation characterized in this kind of environment makes the lamellar scale structures and sometimes breaks and peels off the scale, and thus accelerates the corrosion. On the basis of the above mentioned knowledge, a new corrosion model is presented.     

混合室分配板成形工艺及模具设计

对混合室分配板零件介绍了一种落料拉伸成形和立体切沿分割的工艺思路以及模具结构和相关的理论计算 ,在实际应用中获得了好的效果。对同类形状产品 ,尤其是涉及到需要进行立体切沿分割的制件 ,可提供借鉴。     

Chip geometries during high-speed machining for orthogonal cutting conditions

The originality of this work consists in taking photographs of chips during the cutting process for a large range of speeds. Contrary to methods usually used such as the quick stop in which root chips are analyzed after an abrupt interruption of the cutting, the proposed process photographs the chip geometry during its elaboration. An original device reproducing perfectly orthogonal cutting conditions is used because it allows a good accessibility to the zone of machining and reduces considerably the vibrations found in conventional machining tests. A large range of cutting velocities is investigated (from 17 to 60 m/s) for a middle hard steel (French Standards XC18). The experimental measures of the root chip geometry, more specifically the tool-chip contact length and the shear angle, are obtained from an analysis of the pictures obtained with a numerical high-speed camera. These geometrical characteristics of chips are studied for various cutting speeds, at the three rake angles −5, 0, +5° and for different depths of cut reaching 0.65 mm.     

桩基倾斜度对低应变反射波法割桩损伤的影响

低应变反射波法用于已建高桩码头的桩身结构完整性检测时,需要割桩设置传感器和激振两个平台,因而对桩身产生一定损伤。运用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS对比了不同倾斜度桩基在完好状态和检测状态下桩身应力的变化,分析了有割桩损伤侧桩身应力集中程度。结果表明:割桩损伤会导致割桩处出现应力集中,其影响范围主要在割桩处1.0 m之内,桩身受力最不利截面从桩基与横梁联接处移至割桩平台处。割桩处的应力集中程度与桩基的倾斜度相关:正斜桩应力集中程度最高,直桩次之,反斜桩应力集中程度最低。因此,对于以船舶撞击力为控制荷载的高桩码头,在低应变检测桩数目的前提下可增大抽检桩中反斜桩的比例。低应变检测桩基后应对割桩处1.0 m范围内进行修补,以确保桩基水平承载性能。     

钢制焊接管件制作放样下料新方法浅析

本文介绍了一种综合利用Auto CAD、Excel软件及数控切割技术对管件进行放样下料的新方法,可有效改进钢制管件传统的放样下料工艺之不足,提高管件下料及组对成品的精度,从而提高管件制造的质量和效率,具有较高的实用价值。     

基于动态参数的按需可扩展地址分配算法

提出了一种基于动态参数的按需可扩展地址分配算法,根据分布式地址分配机制(DAAM)对16 bit地址空间进行分块,根据网络状况来动态调整参数以及进行地址一次或者多次扩展;同时改进路由算法,使其与Cluster-Tree协议兼容。仿真表明改进算法在地址分配成功率、平均分配耗时等方面优于DAAM以及它的改进方案EDAA-BA和RBAC。     

基于混沌时间序列理论的发动机状态参数降噪研究

针对因缺乏未染噪数据而难以考查航空发动机状态参数降噪效果的问题,提出了基于混沌时间序列理论来考查其降噪效果的办法,并结合实例考查了小波、奇异谱分析和局部投影3种降噪方法对航空发动机状态参数的降噪效果.仿真结果表明,局部投影法更多地保留了发动机状态参数的混沌特性,适用于航空发动机状态参数的降噪处理.