闵行电厂9号汽轮机综合优化

分析了早期国产１２５ＭＷ汽轮机缸胀不畅、汽缸跑偏、通流面积偏大、机组老化等原因,提出了处理对策,介绍了改造措施,总结了优化经验。     

PCCP管远场涡流检测激励线圈布置方式研究

基于远场涡流原理应用三维有限元方法研究激励线圈在PCCP管壁内的布设方式,分析了激励线圈的大小、位置,以及断丝所处环向位置对断丝检测效果的影响。结果表明,激励线圈与管道同轴布置时,保持激励电流密度不变,激励线圈的大小不会影响断丝检测的精度;当激励线圈布置于管壁附近时,可以检测出断丝的轴向位置和环向位置,此时,Br相位比Bz相位更适于作为检测指标,为实际运用远场涡流检测设备定位断丝区域提供了指导。     

双缸液压闸门同步的优化处理

以福建省九龙江北溪引水工程的江东进水闸的液压闸门系统为例,通过对液压闸门系统多年运行情况与故障状态进行总结分析,探讨双缸单比例阀调节液压系统同步优化处理措施。在实际使用中,根据闸门左右两端行程差△H,分级正比例控制比例阀纠偏电压的办法,快速确定比例阀阀芯开启度的大小,从而提高比例阀在液压系统中的响应速度和精度,有效提高同步水平。优化处理后的实践表明,利用分级控制比例阀纠偏电压的办法可有效解决江东进水闸双缸液压闸门的同步问题,使闸门运行工况得到有效改善,对于解决类似工程具有较高的参考价值。     

PCCP内壁复式碳纤维加固技术及应力计算分析

现有碳纤维加固预应力钢筒混凝土管(PCCP)技术不能有效发挥碳纤维的作用,也无法有效地抑制PCCP的变形和裂缝的扩展。为此,提出了PCCP内壁复式碳纤维加固技术,即在碳纤维与PCCP之间增设高压缩弹性垫层,研制出具有压缩量大、本体强度高、抗渗、与混凝土粘接强度大等特点的高压缩弹性垫层材料。根据弹性力学推导出内壁复式碳纤维加固PCCP的弹性解,并分别计算了在不同内水压力作用下对三种直径PCCP的应力分布情况。结果表明,当弹性垫层厚度为5 mm时,碳纤维的应力增加4.2~4.6倍,即增设弹性垫层后碳纤维加固PCCP的作用显著增加,作用于PCCP的内压明显减少;对于同一管径的PCCP,在固定内水压力下,随着高压缩弹性垫层厚度的增加,碳纤维的应力近似呈线性提高,碳纤维承担内水压力的比例也近似呈线性提高。     

多角度交替缠绕复合圆筒的剩余应力算法及水压试验

针对含薄壁钢内衬碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（CFRP）多角度交替缠绕复合圆筒的剩余应力计算问题,基于正交各向异性材料的厚壁圆筒理论和弹性叠加理论,提出了考虑卸去芯模影响的多角度交替缠绕下CFRP各层和钢内衬剩余应力的逐层叠加算法,研究了恒缠绕张力下,芯模厚度和螺旋层缠绕角对CFRP各层和钢内衬剩余应力的影响。计算表明：芯模厚度越大则CFRP层剩余应力越低,但芯模厚度过大将减弱缠绕张力对钢内衬的强化效应;螺旋层缠绕角约65°时,环向层剩余应力出现极小值,螺旋层剩余应力和内衬剩余应力均出现极大值。针对缠绕张力对钢内衬的强化效应,通过水压试验加载过程中钢内衬声发射特征与复合圆筒外壁应变测试,测得的钢内衬屈服载荷与理论预测值一致,基本证实了算法的有效性。为提高CFRP层缠绕质量,基于等剩余应力假设,提出了多角度交替缠绕张力制度优化设计思路,适用于内压管的张力制度优化。     

水下阻抗球(柱)内部质点振速分布规律研究

针对同振式矢量水听器的物理模型,将其考虑成一个声场中静止的阻抗球体或柱体,建立了平面波作用下的声场模型,并依据简正波理论推导了球体和柱体内部的声场特性,得到了阻抗球体和柱体内部各个位置处的振速与水质点振速的关系表达式,分析了不同材料参数和几何参数下其内部质点振速的分布规律。研究结果对以后矢量水听器的研制过程中材料的选择与结构尺寸的设计具有指导意义。     

Study and optimization of flow field in a novel cyclone separator with inner cylinder

This paper presents a study of gas-solid flow in a novel cyclone separator with inner cylinder, compared with that in a conventional cyclone. The Reynolds stress model (RSM) is used to simulate fluid flow, and the discrete phase model (DPM) is selected to describe the motion behavior of particles. The experimental data measured by particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to verify the reliability of the numerical model. The results show that in the novel cyclone, the cleaned gas can be quickly discharged from the vortex finder, the movement distance and residence time of fine particles are prolonged, the short-circuit flow and vertical vortex under the vortex finder are eliminated, the mutual interference between upflow and downflow in the cylinder is eliminated, and the region of quasi-free vortex in the cone is enlarged. Compared with the conventional cyclone, the novel cyclone has higher collection efficiency and lower pressure drop.     

直径30cm圆柱的气动力参数和绕流特性研究

为研究光滑圆柱的气动力系数和绕流特性,在均匀流中进行不同风速下的测压风洞试验,试验获得了阻力系数、升力系数、表面风压分布、风压相关性系数、斯托罗哈数等随雷诺数的变化特征,并将试验结果与以往结果进行比较。研究表明:升力系数的脉动值大于阻力系数的脉动值,说明涡脱造成的横风向激励比顺风向紊流激励剧烈;雷诺数位于临界区域时,圆柱表面风压分布呈现出对称-不对称-对称的变化过程,反映了由层流分离转化为湍流分离的全过程;在雷诺数为352000时呈现一侧为层流分离、另一侧为湍流分离的临界流态,风压呈现出左右不对称的单边泡形式;获得层流分离和湍流分离时的表面风压相关性分布特征,层流分离时圆柱同一侧的风压测点均呈较强的正相关,而湍流分离时在分离点前的区域相关性较强,分离点之后的区域相关性较弱;层流分离的升力系数谱有显著的峰值,表明尾流是规则的漩涡脱落,而湍流分离的升力系数谱没有明显峰值,表明尾流是随机的漩涡脱落。     

小直径附加圆柱对圆柱涡激振动抑制的参数优化

采用基于迭代嵌入式浸入边界法对后方对称布置两个小直径圆柱的单圆柱涡激振动进行了数值模拟研究,对涡激振动抑制进行了参数优化。雷诺数和圆柱直径比分别为Re=100和d/D=0.125,其中D和d分别为大、小圆柱直径。通过改变控制角度(θ)、主圆柱与小圆柱的间隙比(G/D)、小圆柱旋转角速度和旋转方向(α)和阻尼比(ζ)确定的最优控制参数组合为θ=25°、G/D=0.125、α=-2.2和ζ=1.02。小圆柱的旋转角速度和旋转方向对圆柱振幅有一定的影响,其中内向反转会进一步抑制圆柱的振动,外向反转则恰好相反。随着阻尼比的增加,圆柱振幅先增后减,但影响程度较小。     

Al₂O₃ and γAl₂O₃ Nanomaterials Based Nanofluid Models with Surface Diffusion: Applications for Thermal Performance in Multiple Engineering Systems and Industries

Thermal transport investigation in colloidal suspensions is taking a significant research direction. The applications of these fluids are found in various industries, engineering, aerodynamics, mechanical engineering and medical sciences etc. A huge amount of thermal transport is essential in the operation of various industrial production processes. It is a fact that conventional liquids have lower thermal transport characteristics as compared to colloidal suspensions. The colloidal suspensions have high thermal performance due to the thermophysical attributes of the nanoparticles and the host liquid. Therefore, researchers focused on the analysis of the heat transport in nanofluids under diverse circumstances. As such, the colloidal analysis of H₂O composed by γAl₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ is conducted over an elastic cylinder. The governing flow models of γAl₂O₃/H₂O and Al₂O₃/H₂O is reduced in the dimensionless form by adopting the described similarity transforms. The colloidal models are handled by implementing the suitable numerical technique and provided the results for the velocity, temperature and local thermal performance rate against the multiple flow parameters. From the presented results, it is shown that the velocity of Al₂O₃–H₂O increases promptly against a high Reynolds number and it decreases for high-volume fraction. The significant contribution of the volumetric fraction is examined for thermal enhancement of nanofluids. The temperature of Al₂O₃–H₂O and γAl₂O₃–H₂O significantly increases against a higher ϕ. Most importantly, the analysis shows that γAl₂O₃–H₂O has a high local thermal performance rate compared to Al₂O₃–H₂O. Therefore, it is concluded that γAl₂O₃–H₂O is a better heat transfer fluid and is suitable for industrial and technological uses.