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41.
Food products can be high‐pressure processed (HPP) either in bulk or prepackaged in flexible or semi‐rigid packaging materials. In the latter case the packaging material is subjected, together with the food, to high‐pressure treatment. A number of studies have been performed to quantify the effects of high‐pressure processing on the physical and barrier properties of the packaging material, since the integrity of the package during and after processing is of paramount importance to the safety and quality of the food product. This article reviews the results of published research concerning the effect of HPP on packaging materials. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
42.
Ioannis Arvanitoyannis John M. V. Blanshard Ioannis Kolokuris 《Polymer International》1992,27(1):7-15
Mastication of gutta percha (trans-polyisoprene) resulted in the selective scission of molecules, producing a narrower distribution of lower molecular weights. The mechanical properties of the samples also underwent a significant change due to mastication. The greater the content of incompatible substances (salts and oxides) in commercial gutta percha. the more substantial were these effects. The atmosphere (air, N2, O2) in which the experiments were conducted yielded significantly different results. The decrease in molecular weight was far greater in an O2 atmosphere than under a current of nitrogen or air, owing to the combination of double bonds with O2. 相似文献
43.
GOURI S. CHAUHAN R.R. ZILLMAN N.A. MICHAEL ESKIN 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1992,27(6):701-705
Flour blends of quinoa-wheat containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of manually dehulled quinoa meal or flour were evaluated for dough mixing and breadmaking properties and liking of the bread by a small panel. Increasing amounts of quinoa meal or flour increased farinograph absorption and dislike of bread for most of the panel. Dough development time increased with increase in meal but decreased with increase in quinoa flour. At 10% inclusion levels differences in liking from control 100% wheat flour bread were smaller for flour or water extracted meal to most of the panel, than with 10% non-extracted meal. This suggests that 10% inclusion of flour or water extracted meal may have potential for further investigation. 相似文献
44.
Studies were made on the thermally stimulated discharge currents (TSDCs) in pure (undoped) and Fe-doped polystyrene films as a function of polarizing field, polarizing temperature and dopant concentration. While undoped films exhibited a single peak, doped films showed two peaks one at low temperatures and another at high temperatures. The low temperature peak, which exhibits a shift towards lower temperatures with increasing dopant concentration, is attributed to the relaxation of the main chain, while the high temperature peak, which shows a tendency to shift towards higher temperatures with dopant concentration, is due to space charge polarization. The TSDCs were higher for low dopant concentrations than their undoped counterparts, while for high concentrations of the dopant, the TSDCs decreased. Formation of charge transfer complexes at low dopant concentrations and molecular aggregates at higher dopant concentrations are suggested as the possible reasons for this behaviour. 相似文献
45.
An ab initio study using the local spin density approximation of the electronic and optical properties of materials where Cr transition metal substitutes for N in the GaN host semiconductor with an atomic concentration of 1.56% is presented. This material, characterized by an isolated and partially filled intermediate band, is a candidate for high-efficiency solar cells. The atomic and orbital composition of this band has been analyzed showing that is mainly made up of a t-group orbital of the transition metal. The absorption coefficient theoretical results show a sub-gap absorption with respect to the host semiconductor which could lead to an increase in solar conversion efficiency. 相似文献
46.
Plastisols, which are a blend of poly(vinyl chloride) resin and a plasticizer (DEHP), were used as a toughening agent of a resol resin in order to improve the mechanical properties. It was not possible to formulate resol blends by adding more than 10 % of plastisol owing to a lack of apparent homogeneity in the systems, which also showed many air bubbles. The relationship between dynamic mechanical, mechanical and thermal properties and the amount of plastisol added was studied. It was determined from the infrared spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical results that the resol–plastisol blends seem to be formed by a reaction between the phenol and PVC giving a higher crosslinked structure. An improvement in the thermal resistance of the blends at lower temperatures was observed with an increase in the percentage of plastisol. Flexural analysis showed the elastic behaviour of the systems. However, it was not possible to observe the effect of the plasticizer (DEHP) owing to the low quantity of plastisol that was added to the resol. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
47.
Ingo Alig Dirk Lellinger Harald Oehler Sergey A. Adamovsky Christoph Schick 《Progress in Organic Coatings》2008,61(2-4):166-175
A new microcalorimeter with eight parallel channels using robust, low cost sensors for characterization of coatings and adhesives is described and first experiments on coatings and adhesives are presented. The calorimetric sensors are based on thin glass plates (20 mm × 20 mm, thickness 150 μm) with heater and thermocouple sputtered on the surfaces (calorimetric active area of about 9 mm2). The setup allows heating and cooling experiments as well as isothermal measurements in the temperature-modulated mode with up to eight sensors in parallel. The measured quantities are the real (C′p) and imaginary part (C″p) of the complex heat capacity (), the related absolute value of the heat capacity () and the heat flow . An industrial computer (NI PXI system) with specific software for calibration and data recording controls the electronic components. Sensors can be embedded in a temperature controlled oven (heating and cooling by Peltier elements) or alternatively in a climatic cabinet with controlled temperature and humidity.
The method has been applied successfully to monitoring of film formation of aqueous polymer dispersions (styrene-acrylate copolymer) and curing of coatings. 相似文献
48.
Solid solutions of the GdFeO3–GdInO3 system were prepared at 1550 °C by ceramic powder processing. The formulated composition was Gd(Fe1−xInx)O3 (GFI) with the indium contents at x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0. A stable phase of Gd(Fe1/3In2/3)O3 in our system was identified by X-ray diffraction and phase composition analysis. Multi-phase morphologies were observed for GFI bulks with x = 0.5 and 0.75. Dielectric and electrical properties of the GFI bulks were investigated. The addition of 25% In3+ in GdFeO3 had an obvious enhancement in polarization and led to an elevated resonance frequency. Dielectric properties of GFI bulks except GdInO3 were strongly dependent upon the test frequency, which corresponded to the response of polarization mechanism. GdInO3 displayed as a stable dielectric, which was frequency- and temperature-insensitive. GdInO3 was thermally activated and became leaky until above 600 °C. 相似文献
49.
以δ-FeOOH为前驱体,用氨水调节溶液的pH值,分别采用(1)90℃水浴加热动态转化、(2)沸腾回流动态转化,(3)90℃静态转化及(4)200℃水热法四种方法合成了锰锌铁氧体纳米粉体.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)等方法对粉体进行了表征,对四种液相法制备的锰锌铁氧体纳米粉体的结构和性能等进行了对比和分析.结果表明,四种方法中沸腾回流相转化法得到的产物具有磁性能较好、形状较规则、粒径可控等优点. 相似文献
50.
Xinsheng Zhu Hansong Xu Jianmei Lu Juying Wang Shunhua Zhou 《Journal of Polymer Research》2008,15(4):295-300
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is of excellent mechanical properties and melt processability and is widely used as raw
material for textile fibers. However, the flame retardant properties of PET were rather poor, and both reactive and additive
phosphorus- and halogen-containing compounds have been employed to enhance the reaction-to-fire properties while the meltdripping
behaviour during burning hasn’t been handled properly with the flame retardants. In this work, fluoropolymer was blended with
both pure PET (pPET) and reactive phosphorus-containing flame retarded copolyester (fPET), and the flame retardance and char
formation and mechanical properties of the resulted pPET and fPET blends were investigated. The tensile strengths of modified
pPET samples were worsen whereas those of modified fPET samples were improved at low concentrations. The initial thermal degradation
in nitrogen was accelerated remarkably for the two polyesters with fluoropolymer. The oxygen indices of the all modified samples
were reduced while char formation and meltdripping suppression were encouraged. The apparent melt viscosity and elasticity
for the two polyesters were gained much with antidripping agent. Therefore, fluoropolymer improved char formation of the two
polyesters based on the gaseous phase mechanism while the partial suppression of meltdripping behavior and the decrease of
mechanical properties mainly originated from the increase of melt viscosity via fibrillation for pPET. 相似文献