铝合金车辆大型材模具的设计与制造工艺研究

大型型材挤压模具设计与制造是现代车辆大型铝合金型材生产的关键技术。本文以典型的、难度较大的底版型材GDX—11为例，对大型模具的结构参数和尺寸设计进行了深入分析，并对模具材料及热处理与模具制造工艺和修模等进行了讨论。分析认为轨道车辆大型材多为扁宽、薄壁复杂的空心型材，一般用平面分流模在80／95MN以上的挤压机，用扁挤压筒进行生产。GDX—11型材所选用的模具结构设计方案，模具材料及其热处理工艺，分流孔的大小和形状以及分流桥、模芯、焊合室的结构设计是合理的。模孔尺寸、工作带尺寸以及制模工艺、挤压工艺的确定都是可行的。修模是一道重要的技术工序，对复杂的大型模具更为重要。     

过渡金属硫化物类富勒烯的研究

过渡金属硫化物类富勒烯，由于其独特的分子结构、电子结构及电、磁学性质和潜在的应用前景，因而成为当前富勒烯研究的一个热点课题。该文对过渡金属硫化物类富勒烯的研究进行了综述。     

Simulation of dimer diffusion on metal fcc (001)surfaces by molecular dynamics

We study systematically the dimer diffusion on metal fcc (001) surfaces through molecular dynamics calculations based on embedded atom method. Besides the conventional hopping and exchange mechanisms, some other interesting diffusion mechanisms are observed, such as the exchange rotation mechanism, the cooperative hopping mechanism, and the cooperative exchange mechanism. On the different kinds of metal surfaces, we find that not only the dominant diffusion mechanism but also the physical model for the exchange mechanism is different.     

硬铝合金焊接性能的研究

为了有效地使用热处理强化变形铝合金制造各种结构材料和零部件。研究其焊接性能指标．以Al-Cu-Mn系铝合金(2A16)为对象，采用交流钨极氩弧焊焊接工艺及同质和异质焊丝，制备了2A16硬铝合金焊接试样．通过测试力学性能、金相组织和扫描电镜断口分析等方法，对其焊接性能进行了研究．结果表明：2A16硬铝合金有较好的抗结晶裂纹形成能力，影响其焊接性能的主要问题是过时效软化区的强度下降：当填充金属中Mg／Cu质量比比较大时，焊缝出现脆断倾向，欲进一步提高焊接接头强度，一方面可采用能量密度更高的热源，同时减小焊接线能量，以减少过时效软化区的不利影响；另一方面，限制填充金属中Mg／Cu的质量比，避免出现对焊接接头强化不利的β相和T相．     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的矩形件排样

将遗传模拟退火算法运用在矩形件排样中,利用遗传模拟退火算法的全局搜索能力,寻找出排样件最优的排样次序(排列最紧密),再结合基于局部板材利用率最高的填充算法不断填充板材,获得近似总体最优的排样结果。此结果适合应用于大批量、多种类的矩形件优化样。     

推土机金属结构件故障频数模型

给出了揭示推土机金属结构件故障潜在原因的故障数据统计处理方法；建立了能预报规定期内金属结构件故障频数回归模型；并对金属结构件典型故障进行了分析．结果表明，金属结构件故障频数不仅决定于金属结构件材料的抗疲劳强度和抗拉强度，金属结构件的抗弯刚度、铰接件耐磨性能及随机载荷．而且同推土机工作环境气温密切相关．在冬季，低气温条件下，金属结构件故障具有多发性．金属结构件故障模式主要是推杆弯曲、推杆连接斜撑部位产生裂纹以及连接推杆和机架用的球铰接损坏等．推土机工作装置的薄弱环节是连接推杆和推土机用的销和销孔．     

Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of Ti3Al-base alloy with NiCrSiB

Brazing of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB was carried out at 1273–1373 K for 60–1800 s. The relationship of brazing parameters and shear strength of the joints was discussed, and the optimum brazing parameters were obtained. When products are brazed, the optimum brazing parameters are as follows: brazing temperature is 1323–1373 K, brazing time is 250–300 s. The maximum shear strength of the joint is 240–250 MPa. Three kinds of reaction products were observed to have formed during the brazing of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB, namely, TiAl₃ (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds formed close to the Ti₃Al alloy. TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds layer formed between TiAl₃ (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds and the filler metal and a Ni[s,s] solid solution formed in the middle of the joint. The interfacial structure of brazed Ti₃Al alloy joints with the filler metal NiCrSiB is Ti₃Al/TiAl₃ (TiB₂)/TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂)/Ni[s,s] solid solution/TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂)/TiAl₃ (TiB₂)/Ti₃Al, and this structure will not change with brazing time once it forms. The formation of over many intermetallic compounds TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) results in embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The thickness of TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) intermetallic compounds increases with brazing time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity K₀ of the reaction layer TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) in the brazed joints of Ti₃Al alloys with the filler metal NiCrSiB are 349 kJ/mol and 24.02 mm²/s, respectively, and the growth formula was y²=24.04exp(−41977.39/T)t. Careful control of the growth of the reaction layer TiAl₃+AlNi₂Ti (TiB₂) can influence the final joint strength.     

Research About Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Hardfacing Layer on Cast Iron

It's simple technology to manufacture big trimming die by hardfacing on the base metal of cast iron. The chemical composition, microstructure, hardness, wear resistance and wear mechanism of the hardfacing layer were studied.The experimental results indicate that the hardfacing technology has much more advantages and cheaper than that of traditional process. The chemical composition, microstructure, hardness of the hardfacing metal are all satisfied for manufacturing the big trimming die by welding on cast iron. The wear resistant test of hardfacing layers were carried out by using two different electrodes. The wear resistance of new electrode hardfacing layer is higher than that of normal hardfacing electrode D322. The wear mechanism of hardfacing layer is belongs to abrasive wear model.     

Modelling of Bird Strike on an Aircraft Wing Leading Edge Made from Fibre Metal Laminates – Part 2: Modelling of Impact with SPH Bird Model

Fibre Metal Laminates with layers of aluminium alloy and high strength glass fibre composite have been reported to possess excellent impact properties and be suitable for aircraft parts likely to be subjected to impacts such as runway debris or bird strikes. In a collaborative research project, aircraft wing leading edge structures with a glass-based FML skin have been designed, built, and subjected to bird strike tests that have been modelled with finite element analysis. In this second part of a two-part paper, a finite element model is developed for simulating the bird strike tests, using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) for modelling the bird and the material model developed in Part 1 of the paper for modelling the leading edge skin. The bird parameters are obtained from a system identification analysis of strikes on flat plates. Pre-test simulations correctly predicted that the bird did not penetrate the leading edge skin, and correctly forecast that one FML lay-up would deform more than the other. Post test simulations included a model of the structure supporting the test article, and the predicted loads transferred to the supporting structure were in good agreement with the experimental values. The SPH bird model showed no signs of instability and correctly modelled the break-up of the bird into particles. The rivets connecting the skin to the ribs were found to have a profound effect on the performance of the structure.     

GIS母线中金属异物运动的探讨

介绍GIS母线内部存在金属异物时的影响，对金属异物在不同情况下的运动规律进行了探讨和研究。