基于国产处理器增量式实时交通流预测算法及实现

针对城市交通难以处理大量数据且实时性差等问题,提出了根据增量式城市交通流数据预测拥堵情况的一种基于国产处理器的L-BFGS(limited-memory BFGS)算法。该算法通过存储向量序列计算Hessian矩阵,改进Two-Loop算法求下降方向,在Spark集群中并行处理时收敛速度快,适用于实时性要求强的城市交通场景。实验结果证明,L-BFGS预测算法完全可以在国产平台上对大规模的实时交通数据流进行快速建模、预测,在改善城市交通管理水平提供有效支撑的同时也丰富了国产芯片的应用领域。     

缺氧/好氧和协同控制DO/HRT工艺对亚硝化的影响比较

为比较协同控制DO/HRT和缺氧/好氧两种运行方式对亚硝化的影响,在常温(18~22℃)下,采用两组2级连续搅拌反应器(CSTR),1#采取协同控制DO/HRT的启动和运行方式,2#采取缺氧/好氧的方式,分别比较两种方式在亚硝化的启动时间、稳定运行效果、曝气能耗、对进水NH4+-N质量浓度下降的适应性以及污泥沉降性能上的差异.结果表明:1#、2#分别用了26和41 d实现了亚硝化;在以原水经AO除磷出水为进水时(NH4+-N质量浓度35~43 mg/L),两种运行方式亚硝化效果均较好,但缺氧/好氧的运行方式节省了约20%的曝气能耗.当进水NH4+-N质量浓度由43 mg/L下降到27 mg/L时,1#亚硝化失稳,最终亚硝化率下降到67.39%,而2#亚硝化较稳定,亚硝化率保持在88%以上;1#和2#在整个过程中污泥沉降性能良好.利用协同控制DO/HRT的方式启动亚硝化,随后转变为缺氧/好氧运行,有助于亚硝化的快速启动和稳定运行,并能节省曝气能耗.     

Invertebrate response to impacts of water diversion and flow regulation in high‐altitude tropical streams

Water supply systems are critical infrastructure that provides food and energy security for developed societies. The operation of reservoirs (flow regulation) and water intakes (water diversion) has known negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems; however, quantification of ecological impacts and examination of these two types of flow alteration remain a developing area of research. We investigated the individual and combined impact of flow regulation and water diversion on stream ecosystem integrity, the freshwater macroinvertebrate community, and the population structure of flow‐sensitive insects. For 2 years, we monitored quarterly discharge, physical and chemical stream conditions, and benthic invertebrates of four high‐altitude tropical streams that are part of the water supply system of Quito, Ecuador. Flow regulation caused a loss of the hydrological seasonality of these streams, including a decrease in stream depth and biotic quality. Water diversion caused a decrease in dissolved oxygen and overall ecosystem integrity. Freshwater invertebrate density and richness decreased as a result of water diversion and flow regulation. The combined flow alteration in these streams decreased the density of nymphal stages of the widely distributed mayfly Andesiops peruvianus. Given the societal needs for food and energy security, water management for diversion (e.g., irrigation) and in‐line storage practices (e.g., hydroelectric dams) are anticipated to increase. This research suggests that the negative environmental impacts of flow alteration could be mitigated with discharge releases designed to approximate the natural hydrologic regime of undisturbed streams.     

不同厌氧方式对连续流亚硝化恢复的影响

为探究不同厌氧运行方式对亚硝化恢复的影响,在常温(20±2)℃下,采用两组两级连续搅拌反应器(CSTR)1#和2#,实验分为S1、S2和S3三个阶段.在S1阶段1#采用厌氧/厌氧运行(两级DO均为0~0.1 mg/L),2#采用厌氧/好氧运行(两级DO分别为0~0.1和0.6~0.8 mg/L);在S2阶段1#转变为好氧/好氧运行(两级DO分别为0.2~0.4和0.6~0.8 mg/L),2#保持厌氧/好氧不变(两级DO分别为0~0.1和0.6~0.8 mg/L);在S3阶段,研究恢复后亚硝化的稳定性,此时1#、2#两级DO均为1.0~1.2 mg/L.分别对此过程中亚硝化的恢复时间以及恢复后稳定性进行比较.结果表明,1#的恢复时间比2#缩短了12 d,但当溶解氧增加到1.0~1.2 mg/L时,2#恢复后的亚硝化更稳定.先厌氧/厌氧(两级DO均为0~0.1 mg/L)后好氧/好氧运行(两级DO分别为0.2~0.4和0.6~0.8 mg/L),有利于亚硝化的快速恢复,恢复后转变为厌氧/好氧运行(两级DO分别为0~0.1和0.6~0.8 mg/L)有助于亚硝化的长期稳定运行.     

ABR处理农村生活污水填料选择的研究

采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理农村生活污水,并选择出适合农村生活污水处理的ABR填料。以立体弹性填料、纤维球填料和鲍尔环填料作为ABR填料,以无填料ABR为对照实验装置,考察了填料对ABR处理效果和生物相的影响,并对各填料ABR工程造价进行了分析。研究结果表明:装填立体弹性填料、纤维球填料和鲍尔环填料后,ABR对COD、SCOD和SS的去除率均有一定程度的提高;装填填料ABR中微生物种类和数量均多于无填料ABR;立体弹性填料的造价分别约为纤维球填料和鲍尔环填料的1/8和1/15。因此,立体弹性填料最适合作为ABR处理农村生活污水用填料,装置稳定后,出水COD、SCOD和SS的平均浓度分别为87.42、49.61和13.20 mg/L,平均去除率分别为59.04%、60.05%和84.12%。     

MBR-SNAD工艺处理生活污水效能及微生物特征

为考察基于膜生物反应器(MBR)的同步亚硝化厌氧氨氧化反硝化(SNAD)工艺处理生活污水的可行性,在SNAD工艺稳定运行的MBR中逐步加入生活污水,同时微调曝气量及HRT等参数,考察生活污水中污染物的去除效果,通过物料衡算计算不同阶段反应器内的脱氮路径,同时通过克隆-测序技术分析了微生物种群特征.结果表明,MBR-SNAD工艺可以实现生活污水中C、N及SS的同时高效去除,总氮去除负荷达0.65 kg/(m3·d),出水氨氮小于5 mg/L;COD去除率达87%,出水COD小于50 mg/L;浊度去除率达99%,出水浊度在1 NTU以下,SS在10 mg/L以下,达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918—2002)的一级A排放标准.反应器中存在约12%的反硝化脱氮和88%的全程自养脱氮(CANON),实现了异养脱氮和自养脱氮的协同合作.好氧氨氧化菌、厌氧氨氧化菌和反硝化菌共存于系统内.MBR-SNAD是处理生活污水的适宜工艺.     

MBR-CANON工艺处理生活污水的快速启动及群落变化

为研究全程自养脱氮工艺(CANON)处理生活污水的可行性,在常温膜生物反应器（MBR）中,保持进水氨氮不变,采用逐渐缩短水力停留时间(HRT)的策略在限氧条件下快速富集氨氧化菌(AOB),之后减小曝气量并进一步缩短HRT富集厌氧氨氧化菌(anammox),并通过DGGE技术分析不同阶段的种群变化．结果表明：CANON工艺在78 d内成功启动,总氮去除率达80％,总氮去除负荷RNR达0.95 kg·m-3·d-1;将该工艺应用于生活污水的处理,实现了COD和氨氮的同时高效去除;微生物群落发生了较大变化,稳定运行的反应器中氨氧化细菌为亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas),厌氧氨氧化菌为Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgariensis．MBR-CANON工艺可以有效应用于常温生活污水的脱氮．     

混凝滤布过滤-缺氧滤池／生物滴滤工艺处理生活污水

为实现小城镇污水高效、节能、低耗处理,建立混凝滤布过滤-缺氧滤池／生物滴滤污水处理组合工艺．在优选实验装置及材料的基础上,探究各部分工艺最优运行参数. 在研究系统对常规污染物去除的同时,重点分析生物滤池启动过程对氨氮和总氮的去除能力．结果表明:当粉煤灰基混凝剂投加量为1 mL／L时,混凝-滤布过滤对COD_cr的去除率可达54％,对TP的去除率达81％,且具有工作周期长、耗能少等特点;生物滤池在水力负荷为15 L／d、硝化液回流比为150％时运行效果最好,可保证系统出水氨氮、COD_cr、TP、TN均达到GB18918—2002的一级A标准．     

软件移植、二进制翻译和国产处理器发展

二进制翻译作为软件移植的一种重要形式,其具体实现与处理器体系结构密切关联,在处理器发展中扮演重要角色。国产通用处理器的发展是打破外国芯片制造商在该领域垄断的有效手段。二进制翻译技术与国产通用处理器相结合,可以加快改善国产通用处理器的生态环境,对推动国产处理器发展具有重要意义。     

Effect of Mn and MnS on corrosion properties of domestic pipeline steels and welds

Base metals of domestic pipeline steels were used to study the effect of Mn on corrosion properties of SSCC( Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking), and welds were carried out to study the effect of MnS on corrosion properties of HIC ( Hydrogen Induced Cracking) both in solutions with wet hydrogen sulfide ( H2 S ). They were respectively conducted by referring to the standards of SSCC and HIC. Testing results revealed that with the increase of content Mn, the resistance of SSCC will be decreased, from the point of metallurgic view, and it is Mn element not C element to lead to the testing results of SSCC. Meanwhile, even under the condition without inclusions MnS, HIC in welds still occurred. That is to say, MnS is not necessary for HIC, the presence of local banded structures in which Mn and P are inclined to aggregate cause to the phenomena of HIC.