地下水污染修复的活性渗滤墙技术

活性渗滤墙是一种现场修复受污染地下水的新型技术，具有原理简单，施工方便，运行费用低廉等特点，活性渗滤墙垂直于地下水流动方向设置，当地下水流通过活性渗滤墙时，污染物与墙体材料发生化学反应，从而达到环境修复的目的。文中综述了活性渗滤墙技术的修复机理和实际应用，大量研究表明，应用金属铁作为活性渗滤墙材料，可以去除地下水中的重金属以及有机污染物，目前活性渗滤墙已经在世界各地应用，是一种非常有发展前景的环境污染修复技术。     

新型处理药剂（EP-110）处理各种重金属离子的实验研究

各行各业生产过程中会产生大量废水,重金属离子污染物是其中的重要控制指标,传统的处理方法不能完全解 决这类污染。本文通过大量的实验数据,对新型的处理药剂(EP-110)处理各种重金属离子的性能做了全面的测试、分析,并 提出了使用方法。     

湿H2S环境中金属材料腐蚀的研究

介绍了在湿H2S环境中金属材料的腐蚀试验标准、方法和手段并重点强调了在H2S试验过程中常遇到的一些问题的处理方法.最后,指出了应加强H2S腐蚀的基础性和系统性研究的研究方向.     

Effect of nitrocarburizing on sulphide layer during nitrocarburizing-sulphurating treatment

Compared with the single sulphurating treatment, the duplex treatment of nitrocarburizing-sulphurating can more effectively improve the properties of steel such as friction-reducing, wear resistance and anti-scuffing. Under the same processing parameters, the sulphide layers were fabricated on the surface of CrMoCu alloy cast iron by single ion-sulphurating treatment and nitrocarburizing-sulphurating duplex treatment, respectively. Through the analysis of the sulphide, the effect of the nitrocarburizing on the fabrication of the sulphide layer was investigated. And the result shows that the fabrication of sulphide layer is promoted by the nitrocarburizing treatment.     

Characterization of edible oils,butters and margarines by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance

The combination of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) with statistical multidimensional techniques made it possible to extract relevant information from MIR spectra of lipid-rich food products. Wavenumber assignments for typical functional groups in fatty acids were made for standard fatty acids: Absorption bands around 1745 cm⁻¹, 2853 cm⁻¹, 2954 cm⁻¹, 3005 cm⁻¹, 966 cm⁻¹, 3450 cm⁻¹ and 1640 cm⁻¹ are due to absorption of the carbonyl group, C−H stretch, =CH double bonds of lipids and O−H of lipids, respectively. In lipid-rich food products, some bands are modified. Water strongly absorbs in the region of 3600–3000 cm⁻¹ and at 1650 cm⁻¹ in butters and margarines, allowing one to rapidly differentiate the foods as function of their water content. Principal component analysis was used to emphasize the differences between spectra and to rapidly classify 27 commercial samples of oils, butters and margarines. As the MIR spectra contain information about carbonyl groups and double bonds, the foods were classified with ATR-MIR, in agreement with their degree of esterification and their degree of unsaturation as determined from gas-liquid chromatography analysis. However, it was difficult to differentiate the studied food products in terms of their average chainlength.     

Phase Composition of Oxide Scales during Reheating in Hot Rolling of Low Carbon Steel

Low carbon steel was oxidized over the temperature range 1000‐1250°C in O₂‐CO₂‐H₂O‐N₂, O₂‐H₂O‐N₂, and O₂‐CO₂‐N₂ gas mixtures. Oxidation times were 12‐120 min. and the scales were 50‐2000 μm thick. The variations of these parameters were chosen to elucidate the phase composition of oxide scales under conditions similar to those of reheating furnaces in hot strip mills, using either thin slab casting or conventional casting and rolling technology. Two types of scales have been observed which are influenced by the furnace atmosphere, oxidation time, and temperature. The first type is a crystalline scale with an irregular outer surface, composed mostly of wustite (FeO), and a negligible amount of magnetite (Fe₃O₄). The second type is the classical three‐layer scale, composed of wustite (FeO), magnetite (Fe₃O₄), and hematite (Fe₂O₃). In general, the experiments showed that an increase in oxidation time decreased the percentage of wustite while the percentages of magnetite and hematite increased. A rise in oxygen concentration in the gas mixture increased the percentages of magnetite and hematite, confirming earlier experimental findings. In water vapour‐free atmospheres O₂‐CO₂‐N₂, the oxide scales had a low percentage of wustite, and high percentage of magnetite and hematite. Carbon dioxide showed a small influence at 1100°C, and a negligible one at 1250°C.     

高放废液化学成分分析

概述了高放废液中25种阳离子、5种阴离子以及总蒸残物、总氧化物、密度和游离酸的分析方法。对核燃料后处理高放废液进行取样分析,其主要化学成分采用两种以上不同原理的方法作对比测定,结果相互符合情况良好,为高放废液处理处置研究设计,提供了完整、准确的基础数据。     

Secure Multi-Party Computation without Agreement

It has recently been shown that authenticated Byzantine agreement, in which more than a third of the parties are corrupted, cannot be securely realized under concurrent or parallel (stateless) composition. This result puts into question any usage of authenticated Byzantine agreement in a setting where many executions take place. In particular, this is true for the whole body of work of secure multi-party protocols in the case that a third or more of the parties are corrupted. This is because these protocols strongly rely on the extensive use of a broadcast channel, which is in turn realized using authenticated Byzantine agreement. We remark that it was accepted folklore that the use of a broadcast channel (or authenticated Byzantine agreement) is actually essential for achieving meaningful secure multi-party computation whenever a third or more of the parties are corrupted. In this paper we show that this folklore is false. We present a mild relaxation of the definition of secure computation allowing abort. Our new definition captures all the central security issues of secure computation, including privacy, correctness and independence of inputs. However, the novelty of the definition is in decoupling the issue of agreement from these issues. We then show that this relaxation suffices for achieving secure computation in a point-to-point network. That is, we show that secure multi-party computation for this definition can be achieved for any number of corrupted parties and without a broadcast channel (or trusted pre-processing phase as required for running authenticated Byzantine agreement). Furthermore, this is achieved by just replacing the broadcast channel in known protocols with a very simple and efficient echo-broadcast protocol. An important corollary of our result is the ability to obtain multi-party protocols that remain secure under composition, without assuming a broadcast channel.     

过渡金属元素催化羟自由基反应机理研究

针对显色剂－过渡金属元素－过氧化氢体系，用分光光度法间接测定羟自由基。通过大量试验，确定了三苯甲烷类酸性酚醌吡喃类为有效显色剂，并确定了溴邻苯三酚红－亚铁离子－过氧化氢体系测定羟自由基的最佳条件，首次推测出其最可能的反应机理为：亚铁离子催化过氧化氢产生羟自由基，羟自由基氧化溴邻苯三酚红上的羰基碳氧双键，破坏其显色的共轭结构，使其褪色，此法可作为筛选羟自由基清除剂的有效方法。