电化学氧化与还原联合处理偶氮染料废水的效能

以Sb掺杂Ti/SnO2电极为阳极,铝板为阴极,设计了一种电化学氧化与电化学还原联合作用反应器.以浓度为100mg/L甲基橙模拟废水为研究对象,探究了电化学氧化与电化学还原联合作用的处理效能,并运用紫外-可见吸收光谱初步探究了甲基橙的降解机理.结果表明:在电流密度为20 mA/cm2、电解质浓度为0.10mol/L条件下,先电化学还原反应60 min再电化学氧化60 min联合处理甲基橙模拟废水,甲基橙的脱色率为94%,COD去除率为85%,处理能耗为0.21k Wh/g(COD).降解前后的紫外-可见吸收光谱的变化表明,电化学联合作用先使甲基橙的偶氮键断裂,然后破坏其苯环共轭体系,从而使甲基橙降解.     

复合正极材料xLiFePO_4·yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3/C的合成及其电化学性能

以聚吡咯(PVP K60)为表面活性剂和碳源,采用流变相法合成了x Li Fe PO4·y Li3V2(PO4)3/C正极材料样品。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对样品形貌和结构进行了测试;采用电池测试仪和电化学工作站对样品电化学性能进行了测试,分析了不同复合比(x:y)对其结构和电化学性能的影响。研究表明:复合材料中存在两相复合与元素掺杂两种效应;当复合比为5∶1时材料的电化学性能最优,在0.1和10 C倍率下放电容量分别达到162.7和104.6 m Ah·g-1,且具有良好的循环稳定性。     

Thermal Hydrolysis Synthesis and Characterization of Monoclinic Metahewettite CaV_6O_(16)·3H_2O

Monoclinic metahewettite CaV 6 O 16 ·3H 2 O has been fabricated via thermal hydrolysis of calcium vanadate(Ca 10 V 6 O 25). High purity calcium vanadate precipitate, featuring column structure with surface area of 8.61 m2/g, can be obtained by reacting sodium orthovanadate(Na 3 VO 4) with calcium oxide at 90 ℃ for 2 h. By acidifi cation of calcium vanadate in hot water at pH of 1.0-3.0, the monoclinic metahewettite crystals with uniform particle distribution, layered structure and nonporous structure can be fabricated. With the well crystallized layered structure, CaV 6 O 16 ·3H 2 O may be a potential cathode material for secondary batteries as well as super capacitor materials.     

β钛合金微弧氧化膜制备及其在人体模拟液中腐蚀性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术在TiNbZrFe合金表面制备出含钙磷成分的多孔氧化膜,通过人体模拟液浸泡的方法诱导生成羟基磷灰石,并利用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）研究其在人体模拟液中浸泡不同时间后的耐腐蚀性能．结果表明,经400V电压微弧氧化后TiNbZrFe合金表面氧化膜的形貌与成分达到最优化,且明显有α-Ca3（PO4）2 相生成;α-Ca3（PO4）2 相能够起到良好的诱导生成羟基磷灰石（HA）的作用,在人体模拟液中浸泡1d后,通过XRD检测出有HA相生成,导致微弧氧化膜层表面的微孔被诱导生成物覆盖填充明显,较小微孔完全消失;随着浸泡时间的延长,经过微弧氧化膜诱导生成的HA涂层不断增厚,EIS结果表明其具有良好的隔绝渗透作用,能够阻碍腐蚀性介质在溶液和金属界面之间扩散和迁移,从而起到保护基体抗腐蚀的作用．     

Electrolyte composition and removal mechanism of Cu electrochemical mechanical polishing

The optimization of electrolytes and the material removal mechanisms for Cu electrochemical mechanical planarization （ECMP） at different pH values including 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole （TTA）, hydroxyethylidenediphosphoric acid （HEDP）, and tribasic ammonium citrate （TAC） were investigated by electrochemical techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer （XPS） analysis, nano-scratch tests, AFM measurements, and polishing of Cu-coated blanket wafers. The experimental results show that the planarization efficiency and the surface quality after ECMP obtained in alkali-based solutions are superior to that in acidic-based solutions, especially at pH=8. The optimal electrolyte compositions （mass fraction） are 6% HEDP, 0.3% TTA and 3% TAC at pH=8. The main factor affecting the thickness of the oxide layer formed during ECMP process is the applied potential. The soft layer formation is a major mechanism for electrochemical enhanced mechanical abrasion. The surface topography evolution before and after electrochemical polishing （ECP） illustrates the mechanism of mechanical abrasion accelerating electrochemical dissolution, that is, the residual stress caused by the mechanical wear enhances the electrochemical dissolution rate. This understanding is beneficial for optimization of ECMP processes.     

Effects of Al and Sn on electrochemical properties of Mg-6%Al-1%Sn （mass fraction） magnesium alloy as anode in 3.5%NaCl solution

Mg-6%Al-1%Sn（mass fraction） alloy is a newly developed anode material for seawater activated batteries. The electrochemical properties of Mg-1%Sn, Mg-6%Al and Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloys are measured by galvanostatic and potentiodynamic tests. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） with energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS） is used to characterize the microstructures of the experimental alloys. The results show that the Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloy obtains more negative discharge potential（-1.38 V（vs SCE）） in hot-rolled condition. This is attributed to the fine dynamically recrystallized grains during the hot rolling process. After the experimental alloys are annealed at 473 K for 1 h, the discharge potentials of Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloy are more negative than those of Mg-6%Al alloy under different current densities. After annealing at 673 K, the discharge potentials of Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloy become more positive than those of Mg-6%Al alloy. Such phenomenon is due to the coarse grains and the second phase Mg2 Sn. The discharge potentials of Mg-1%Sn shift positively obviously in the discharge process compared with Mg-6%Al-1%Sn alloy. This is due to the corrosion products pasting on the discharge surface, which leads to anode polarization.     

NH_4Cl薄层液膜下X70钢腐蚀的电化学研究

采用电化学阻抗法和阴极极化曲线法研究了X70钢在含NH4Cl薄层液膜下的电化学行为.研究了液膜厚度、NH4Cl浓度对X70钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明,液膜厚度降低,X70钢腐蚀电位正移,阴极极限扩散电流增大.液膜厚度为130μm时,阴极极限扩散电流达最大值.液膜厚度为130~100μm时,阴极极限扩散电流反而降低.液膜厚度进一步减薄,阴极极限扩散电流又增大.薄层液膜下,NH4Cl浓度增大,阴极极限扩散电流减小,抑制了阴极过程;随着NH4Cl浓度增大,X70钢腐蚀的电荷传递电阻减小,对阳极过程有一定的促进作用,从而加速X70钢的腐蚀速率.     

以Mn3O4为锰源合成高性能LiMn2O4正极材料

以Mn3O4为锰源,采用固相反应法,在较低的温度(650℃)制得尖晶石LiMn2O4正极材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、循环伏安和恒流充放电等技术对其相组成、微结构和电化学性能进行表征。结果表明该正极材料结晶良好,一次粒径约为150 nm。它的电化学性能,尤其是循环性能,明显优越于在较高温度合成的LiMn2O4。在电流密度为74 mA?g-1时,测得比容量为128 mAh?g-1,在1 480 mA?g-1时,比容量为105 mAh?g-1;在室温、148 mA?g-1充放电200次循环后,容量保持率为93%。     

AZ91D镁合金表面环保型钙系磷化膜的制备及其耐蚀性

采用化学转化处理的方法,在AZ91D镁合金的表面制备了均匀致密的钙系磷化膜,其中磷化液配方中不含铬、氟及亚硝酸盐等对环境有害的离子。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了磷化时间及温度对磷化膜结构和相组成的影响。结果表明:磷化时间为20min,磷化温度为40℃时,所得到的磷化膜的致密性和均匀性较好。与空白基体相比,经磷化处理后的镁合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能明显提高。     

5Cr套管钢在不同CO2分压下高温高压腐蚀特性研究

为了研究5Cr套管钢在不同CO₂分压下的腐蚀特性,进行了5Cr套管钢高温高压腐蚀失重和高温高压电化学试验,并采用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段对其腐蚀产物进行微观分析。结果表明,在高温高压腐蚀环境下随着CO₂分压从低到高,其表面点蚀坑的深度和直径均无明显变化,而点蚀速率则出现逐渐减小的趋势;其腐蚀产物膜由Cr(OH)₃、FeCO₃和CaCO₃共同组成,且随着CO₂分压的升高Cr的富集量逐渐增加;在电化学测试中,随着CO₂分压的不断升高,5Cr套管钢表现出半钝化特征,产物膜逐渐增厚且致密,且极化电阻逐渐增大,阳极反应受到抑制,电化学反应阻力增大,其抗局部腐蚀能力不断提高。