Isocyanate-rich cellulose nanocrystals and their selective insertion in elastomeric polyurethane

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were successfully obtained and modified with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) by means of in situ polymerization varying the CNC/HDI molar ratio to evaluate the number of anchored chains to the CNC. The modification was examined by elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR-ATR). Nanocomposites containing 1.5 wt% CNC, modified and unmodified, were prepared by solvent casting. Thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting films were evaluated from the viewpoint of polyurethane microphase separated structure, soft and hard domains. CNC were effectively dispersed in the polyurethane matrix and depending on surface chemistry, the nanoreinforcement interacts selectively with matrix nanodomains. This interpretation is supported by differences in thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites and also confirmed by AFM images. Isocyanate rich cellulose nanocrystals interacted with matrix hard phase, promoting physical association with hard segments, enhancing stiffness and dimensional stability versus temperature of the nanocomposite.     

利用弯矩影响线的移动荷载识别方法

基于模态叠加理论,通过桥梁多个截面处加速度响应数据,计算得到桥梁受移动荷载作用下的模态加速度.根据d'Alembertian原理,桥梁截面任意时刻的动弯矩可看作是任意时刻受惯性分布力和移动荷载作用下的静弯矩.利用影响线,建立起移动荷载与弯矩之间的关系,提出了一种利用弯矩影响线识别移动荷载的方法.算例表明,当荷载只有一个时,可由单点弯矩直接识别,当有多个移动荷载时,可基于多个截面的弯矩数据,利用最小二乘法可以有效的识别出任意时刻作用于桥梁上的移动荷载值.该方法避免了求解桥梁的动力学微分方程,识别精度高且过程简单,适合于工程应用.     

High frequency complex permeability of flake-shaped Fe_(74)Cr_2Mo_2Sn_2P_(10)Si_4B_4C_2 particle composite material

A composite consisting of flake-shaped Fe74Cr2Mo2Sn2P10Si4B4C2 particles was prepared.The flake-shaped particles included in the composite were prepared by planetary ball milling.The complex permeability of the composite material was measured at frequency range from 10 MHz to 8.5 GHz.The permeability of the composite containing flake-shaped particles was much higher than that of the spherical particles.The permeability of particles was improved by means of heat-treatment.In contrast to the random-spatial-di...     

A nontrivial factor in determining current distribution in an ac HTS cable-proximity effect

A superconductor has zero resistance at the superconducting state. This unique property creates many exceptional phenomena, of which some are known and the others are not. Our experiments with multilayer high temperature superconductor (HTS) cable samples revealed a new phenomenon that alternating current had a tendency to flow in the inner and outer layers of the cables. We attribute the cause of this phenomenon to the electromagnetic interaction in an infinite electrical conductivity medium and term it su...     

Molecular recognition of DNA–protein complexes: A straightforward method combining scanning force and fluorescence microscopy

Combining scanning force and fluorescent microscopy allows simultaneous identification of labeled biomolecules and analysis of their nanometer level architectural arrangement. Fluorescent polystyrene nano-spheres were used as reliable objects for alignment of optical and topographic images. This allowed the precise localization of different fluorescence particles within complex molecular assemblies whose structure was mapped in nanometer detail topography. Our experiments reveal the versatility of this method for analysis of proteins and protein–DNA complexes.     

注水泵配电系统中的电磁干扰危害分析与处理

针对漠北油田6kV注水泵配电系统中的电磁干扰危害,分析了产生电磁干扰的原因,通过对系统一次接线图及二次控制原理图的分析和现场故障的考察,确认了故障是由电磁干扰造成的,提出了合理的解决方案,成功地消除了电磁干扰危害,确保了漠北油田的安全生产。通过对这一实际工程案例的分析和处理,为电力系统中如何抑制电磁干扰带来的危害提供了重要的参考价值。     

永磁直线同步电机推力波动约束

由齿槽力、边端力及法向吸力引起的推力波动是影响永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)动态性能的主要因素。为了实现高速精密直接驱动系统,通过对PMLSM进行有限元分析建模,分析了齿槽力变化规律,利用傅里叶级数拟合得到齿槽力变化曲线;设计了齿槽力电流预测控制模型,对齿槽力引起的推力波动进行补偿;同时设计了扰动观测器对其他因素引起的推力波动进行补偿,进一步削弱了推力波动。最后,通过实验验证PMLSM推力波动补偿控制系统的有效性,补偿后电流和速度的波动都得到了很大改善,能够实现较高精度的直接驱动系统。     

南方电网交直流系统的简化方法

为了在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建南方电网交直流系统,研究南方电网交直流动态特性,提出了简化南方电网大规模交直流系统的方法。该方法保留交直流系统中500 kV电压等级的主干网架、直流线路以及直流换流站与主干网架的交流通道,而对交流系统220 kV及以下电压等级的低压网络进行简化等值。具体包括以下步骤:首先对主干网架上的500 kV母线进行无误差的简化;然后对系统中所有500 kV母线进行扫描,确定每个500 kV母线所连的低压网络;最后对每个500 kV母线下的低电压等级网络进行简化,对等值发电机和负荷的动态参数进行聚合。使用文中所述方法对南方电网交直流系统进行简化。动态仿真结果及误差分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

Identification of plant model of linear induction motors for a traction system intended for use in a high‐performance controller

A linear induction motor (LIM) is suitable for use in trains. The motor can be used in both wheel‐suspended and contact‐less types such as the Linear Metro and HSST trains in Japan. The LIM has end winding as well as asymmetrical winding. The end effect is a major problem in the LIM, and it makes the analysis, design, and control of motors difficult. This paper describes a method that combines numerical analysis and the equivalent circuit for the LIM in order to design a high‐performance controller for the LIM that includes the end effect. A sample basic field‐oriented control scheme that is based on the plant model is applied to the LIM in order to check the control performance. The theory of rotary induction motors is used for verification. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(2): 44–54, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21171     

含液晶缺陷层阶梯型双周期结构的电场方向调控特性

利用传输矩阵法研究了含向列相液晶缺陷层的一维阶梯型Double-period第四代准周期结构缺陷模的电场方向调控特性。分析了外加电场方向和正入射波方向间夹角θ与缺陷模的位置、品质因子、空间位置光场分布的变化关系,最后探讨了缺陷模的品质因子对光场强度的影响。结果表明：随着夹角θ的逐渐增大,缺陷模的位置向短波方向移动,缺陷模波长的调控量为84nm;随着夹角θ的逐渐增大,缺陷模的品质因子逐渐增大;缺陷模在空间位置的光场分布呈现出局域现象,随夹角θ的增大,空间位置的光场强度逐渐增强;缺陷模的品质因子与光场强度成正比关系。