火焰原子吸收光谱法测定苋菜中8种矿物元素

用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法对苋菜中钾、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰、铅8种矿物元素进行了测定,对样品前处理方法、酸度、共存元素干扰及元素线性范围进行了实验。在选定的实验条件下,可以用火焰原子吸收光谱法对苋菜中8种元素进行分别测定,互不干扰。方法的相对标准偏差为0.08%~3.17%(n=5),加标回收率为91.5%~102%。     

无铅焊膏在电子封装组装中的应用

随着人们对环境的日益重视和电子封装组装焊接技术的发展，合金焊膏的无铅化和质量的要求越来越高，开发无铅、无毒焊膏成为焊膏开发的重要方向，本文论述了几种无铅焊膏Sn-Ag系，Sn-Bi和Sn-Zn系的特点，同时，也检测和评价了一种Sn-Ag免洗焊膏，其绝缘抗阻性，抗腐蚀性，产品清洁度和产品可靠性等均符合要求。     

Different effects of tri(acryloyloxyethyl) phosphate on the thermal degradation of photopolymerized epoxy acrylate and polyurethane acrylate films

Tri(acryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (TAEP) was blended in different ratios with epoxy acrylate EB600 and polyurethane acrylate EB270 to obtain a series of UV curable flame retardant resins. The thermal degradation mechanisms of their cured films in air were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and direct pyrolysis/mass spectrometry measurements. The results showed that the phosphate group in TAEP first degraded to form poly(phosphoric acid) before the degradation of EB600. Then, the formed poly(phosphoric acid) effectively promoted the conversion of EB600 to form char, which prevented the sample from further burning. However, urethane group in EB270 degraded simultaneously with phosphate group in TAEP, leading to not effectively increase the conversion of EB270 to char during the thermal degradation. It was thus found that the addition of TAEP more effectively improved the thermal stability, flame retardance, and the char yield during combustion of EB600 than those of EB270. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3130–3137, 2006     

Thermal degradation behaviors of polypropylene with novel silicon‐containing intumescent flame retardant

The N‐[3‐(dimethoxy‐methyl‐silanyl)‐propyl]‐N′‐ (9‐methyl‐3,9‐dioxo‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphospha‐spiro[5.5]undec‐3‐yl)‐ethane‐1,2‐diamine/dimethoxy dimethyl silane copolymer (PSiN II), which simultaneously contains silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen, is synthesized and incorporated into polypropylene (PP). The flame retardancy is evaluated by the limiting oxygen index value, which is enhanced to 29.5 from 17.4 with 20% total loading of PSiN II. The thermal degradation behavior of PP/PSiN II is investigated by thermogravimetric analysis under N₂ and air. The PP/PSiN II sample degrades at 400°C for different amounts of time, and the process of degradation is studied by Fourier transform IR. The morphology of the char formed at 400°C for 10 min is investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The swollen inner structure, close, and smooth outer surface provide a much better barrier for the transfer of heat and mass during fire and good flame retardancy. The thermal stability of PP is improved by incorporation of PSiN II. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2487–2492, 2005     

阻燃硅橡胶的研制

通过测定硅橡胶试片的离火熄灭时间及燃烧速率来判定热硫化硅橡胶的阻燃性。结果表明，氢氧化铝对热硫化硅橡胶具有良好的阻燃效果；随着氢氧化铝用量的增加，硅橡胶的物理机械性能下降。通过对氢氧化铝进行表面处理，并与氯铂酸等阻燃剂配合，可制得符合美国UL-94V-0阻燃标准的硅橡胶制品。在本实验条件下的最佳配比为：100份混炼硅橡胶，45份氢氧化铝，50份氯铂酸(以铂质量计／10^-6)，2份乙炔炭黑及铁锡复合氧化物，制品拉伸强度大于5MPa。     

聚酰胺66的复配阻燃研究

采用35％磷-溴-锑复配阻燃体系对聚酰胺66进行阻燃，极限氧指数可提高到33．6％，达到UL94-V0级(1．6mm)，且无熔融滴落。阻燃体系的添加会导致聚酰胺66力学性能的下降，但与无机阻燃体系相比较，磷-溴-锑复配阻燃体系对聚酰胺66的力学性能影响较小。采用扫描电镜观察阻燃剂在聚酰胺66中的分散效果，发现分散均匀的体系，在水中或者在110℃的析出实验条件下，阻燃剂的析出量很小，可以维持较长时间的阻燃效果。     

热法磷酸的发展趋势与研究方向

简述了工业制磷酸的生产方法和热法磷酸生产工艺的发展,分析了热法磷酸今后的发展方向,提出了热法磷酸燃烧塔结膜物的研究课题。     

Synthesis,characterization, and thermal properties of phosphorus‐containing,wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyesters

A series of phosphorus‐containing, wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyesters from acetylated 2‐(6‐oxide‐6H‐dibenz〈c,e〉〈1,2〉oxa phosphorin‐6‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydroxy phenylene, p‐acetoxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid were prepared by melting polycondensation. The structure and basic properties of the polymers, such as the glass‐transition temperature (T_g), melting temperature (T_m), thermal stability, crystallinity, and liquid crystallinity, were investigated with Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and hot‐stage polarizing optical microscopy. The copolyesters had relatively high T_g values ranging from 183 to 192°C. The T_m values obtained from DSC curves for samples P‐20 and P‐25 were 290 and 287°C, respectively (where the number in the sample name indicates the molar fraction of the phosphorus‐containing monomer in the reactants). The initial flow temperatures of other samples observed with hot‐stage polarizing microscopy were 271–290°C. The 5% degradation temperatures in nitrogen ranged from 431 to 462°C, and the char yields at 640°C were 41–52%. All the copolyesters, except P‐40, were thermotropic and nematic. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1278–1284, 2002     

低温共烧陶瓷技术及其应用

低温共烧陶瓷(low temperature co-fired ceramic,LTCC)技术是实现电子元件小型化、片式化的一种理想的封装技术,已成为电子元件集成的主要工艺方式,引起了人们的广泛关注。本文详细叙述了LTCC技术的特点、LTCC材料体系、国内外发展现状以及LTCC技术在电子元件集成中的应用。认为利用LTCC技术来实现电源、有源和无源器件的一体化将是今后信息功能陶瓷发展的一个重要方向。我国应该抓住LTCC技术所面临的前所未有的发展机遇,大力开发具有自主知识产权的LTCC技术,整体提升我国在电子集成领域的技术水平和国际竞争力。     

Synthesis and characterization of new flame‐retardant poly(amide‐imide)s containing phosphine oxide and hydantoin moieties in the main chain

Six new flame‐retardant poly(amide‐imide)s (PAIs) 9a–f with high inherent viscosities containing phosphine oxide and hydantoin moieties in main chain were synthesized from the polycondensation reaction of N,N′‐(3,3′‐diphenylphenylphosphine oxide) bistrimellitimide diacid chloride 7 with six hydantoin derivatives 8a–f by two different methods such as solution and microwave assisted polycondensation. Results showed that the microwave assisted polycondensation, by using a domestic microwave oven, proceeded rapidly, compared with solution polycondensation, and was completed in about 7–9 min. All of the obtained polymers were fully characterized by means of elemental analysis, viscosity measurements, solubility test, and FTIR spectroscopy. Thermal properties and flame retardant behavior of the PAIs 9a–f were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG) and limited Oxygen index (LOI). Data obtained by thermal analysis (TGA and DTG) revealed that these polymers showed good thermal stability. Furthermore, high char yields in TGA and good LOI values indicated that these polymers are capable of exhibiting good flame retardant properties. These polymers can be potentially utilized in flame retardant thermoplastic materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5062–5071, 2006