Electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2A02 Al alloy under an accelerated simulation marine atmospheric environment

The corrosion behavior of 2A02 Al alloy under simulated marine atmospheric environment has been studied using mass-gain, scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), laser scanning confocal microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and localized electrochemical methods. The results demonstrate that the relationship between the corrosion induced mass-gain and the corrosion time is in accordance with the power rule. The mass-gain increases gradually during the corrosion time, while the corrosion rate decreases. With ongoing of the corrosion, corrosion products film changed from a porous to a compact structure. The various spectroscopic data show that the corrosion products films composed mainly of Al(OH)₃, Al₂O₃ and AlCl₃. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of the 2A02 Al alloy was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).     

Mechanical and thermal properties of RE4Hf3O12 (RE=Ho,Er, Tm) ceramics with defect fluorite structure

The thermal and environmental barrier coatings (T/EBC) are technologically important for advanced propulsion engine system. In this study, RE₄Hf₃O₁₂ (RE=Ho, Er, Tm) with defect fluorite structure was investigated for potential use as top TBC layer. Dense pellets were fabricated via a hot pressing method and the mechanical and thermal properties were characterized. RE₄Hf₃O₁₂ (RE=Ho, Er, Tm) possessed a high Vickers hardness of 11 GPa. The material retained high elastic modulus at elevated temperatures up to 1773 K, which made it attractive for high temperature application. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of RE₄Hf₃O₁₂ (RE = Ho, Er, Tm) laid in the range between 7 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ to 10 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ from 473 K to 1673 K. In addition, the rare earth hafnates exhibited lower thermal conductivity which rendered it a good candidate material for thermal barrier applications.     

(Gd,Y)相对GW103K时效合金局部腐蚀的影响

对Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr(GW103K)合金进行193 h时效处理,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测块状和链状相的微观结构和腐蚀形貌,使用扫描开尔文探针显微镜(SKPFM)测试块状相和链状相与基体之间的相对电势差,研究了这些相对GW103K合金局部腐蚀的影响。结果表明：分布在晶内和晶界的单独块状相为Mg₂(Gd, Y)相,(Gd, Y)固溶体与Mg₂(Gd, Y)相交替排列形成链状相。(Gd, Y)固溶体和Mg₂(Gd, Y)相的相对电势均高于基体,与相邻基体形成微电池,(Gd, Y)固溶体和Mg₂(Gd, Y)相作为阴极促进了周围基体的腐蚀。尽管(Gd,Y)固溶体与基体之间的相对电势差更大,但是与基体的相界面为共格界面,界面能低、化学稳定性高,因此对基体腐蚀没有更强烈的影响。     

铜绿假单胞菌对2205双相不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

将具有(111)择优取向的岛状奥氏体相嵌入连续铁素体的2205双相不锈钢(2205 DSS)工作面浸泡在铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)中进行电化学测试,研究浸泡时间对2205 DSS 微生物腐蚀行为的影响。开路电位(OCP)、线性极化电阻(LPR)以及电化学阻抗谱(EIS)表明,在7 d浸泡期的无菌溶液中测得的E_OCP、极化电阻(R_p)和电荷转移电阻(R_ct)均比在有菌溶液中的大,表明铜绿假单胞菌加速了2205 DSS的腐蚀。动电位极化曲线表明,2205 DSS在无菌和有菌溶液中的维钝电流密度(i_p)都随着浸泡时间的延长而不断增大,且在浸泡1 d、3 d、7 d的每个时间点有菌溶液的i_p均比无菌环境的大,进一步证明铜绿假单胞菌加速了2205 DSS的腐蚀进程。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明,在有菌溶液中随着浸泡时间的延长表面粘附的细菌量逐渐增多,浸泡3 d后样品表面的细菌聚集成一个个小团簇,浸泡7 d菌落进一步聚集形成细菌生物膜。对腐蚀后样品表面局部腐蚀形貌的观察发现,细菌生物膜的形成加速了表面局部腐蚀的发生,导致严重的局部腐蚀。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)结果表明,在存在铜绿假单胞菌的条件下2205 DSS表面形成溶于水的CrO₃,使MIC点蚀发生。     

Corrosion kinetics and patina evolution of galvanized steel in a simulated coastal-industrial atmosphere

The corrosion kinetics and patina (corrosion products) layer evolution of galvanized steel submitted to wet/dry cyclic corrosion test in a simulated coastal-industrial atmosphere was investigated. The results show that zinc coating has a greater corrosion rate during the initial period and a lower corrosion rate during the subsequent period, and the patina composition and structure can greatly affect the corrosion kinetics evolution of zinc coating. Moreover, Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂ and Zn₄(OH)₆SO₄ are identified as the main stable composition and exhibit an increasing relative amount; while Zn₁₂(OH)₁₅Cl₃(SO₄)₃ cannot stably exist and diminish in the patina layer as the corrosion develops.     

Understanding the galvanic corrosion of the Q-phase/Al couple using SVET and SIET

The galvanic corrosion of the Q-phase/Al couple in 0.1 M NaCl solutions has been studied using the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), the scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The galvanic corrosion of the Q-phase/Al couple was found to be dependent on pH and immersion time. Current density maps obtained by SVET shows that the anodic oxidation processes emerge from Al in a localized manner in pH 2 and 6 solutions but is initiated in a uniform manner in pH 13 solution, whereas, the cathodic processes are more homogeneously distributed over the Q-phase at pH 2, 6 and 13. It is seen that the Q-phase remains cathodic in the Q-phase/Al couple in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions indicating that the galvanic polarity of the Q-phase is independent of pH. The effect of the galvanic corrosion was largest at pH 2 and 13 compared to pH 6. The pH map obtained by SIET indicates that the galvanic activity of the Q-phase/Al couple proceeds via heavy alkalization of the Q-phase surface with the generation of appreciable amounts of OH⁻ ions. The enrichment of Cu indicated by EDX is responsible for the observed cathodic activity of the Q-phase in the Q-phase/Al couple.     

Zn含量对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金挤压棒材耐剥落腐蚀性能的影响

通过剥落腐蚀浸泡实验和极化曲线测试,研究了Zn含量对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金挤压棒材耐剥落腐蚀性能的影响,结合金相显微镜、扫描电镜、扫描透射电镜等微观组织表征方法对影响机理进行了分析和讨论。结果表明:Zn含量(质量分数)由7.93%增至9.85%时,棒材剥落腐蚀抗力下降,剥落腐蚀等级由EA变成EC,最大腐蚀深度由334 μm增至579 μm。Zn含量增加,合金中粗大第二相数量增加,时效后晶界η相尺寸和间距变小、Zn和Mg含量增加,是耐剥落腐蚀性能下降的主要原因。     

在盐湖地区暴露48个月纯锌的腐蚀行为

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、金相显微镜和电化学阻抗等手段研究了锌在青海盐湖大气环境(富盐干旱型大气环境)中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,在青海盐湖大气环境中锌的腐蚀规律遵循经验公式m=Atn。锌的向地面比向天面腐蚀严重,向天面暴晒48个月出现锈层脱落现象。两个表面的腐蚀产物均由Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O,Zn5(CO)3(OH)6和Zn4SO4(OH)6·3H2O组成,锈层均富含SiO2。电化学结果表明,随着暴晒时间的延长向地面的极化电阻Rp逐渐增大,而向天面的Rp逐渐增加,而暴晒48个月时减小。锈层有抑制基体腐蚀的作用,对两个表面锈层的保护性随暴晒时间的延长而增大,而向天面暴晒48个月时保护性减弱。     

Wrapping effect of secondary phases on the grains: increased corrosion resistance of Mg–Al alloys

The discrete secondary phases usually cause severe galvanic corrosion, thereby resulting in rapid degradation for Mg–Al alloys in orthopaedics application. In this study, CaO was introduced into Mg–Al–Zn (AZ61) alloy via selective laser melting (SLM) to ameliorate the characterisations of the secondary phases, with an aim to improve its corrosion behaviour. Results revealed that CaO reacted with Mg and Al in Mg–Al alloys during SLM, suppressing the formation of coarse Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase and promoting the formation of (Mg, Al)₂Ca phase. Meanwhile, the rapid solidification during SLM promoted the homogeneous precipitation of the second phase. As a result, inert (Mg, Al)₂Ca phase homogeneously wrapped the Mg grains, which effectively protected them from the invasion of corrosion solution. Thus, the degradation rate was remarkably reduced from 0.073 to 0.031?mg?cm^–2?h^–1. Furthermore, AZ61-9CaO exhibited good cytocompatibility. This work suggested that AZ61-9CaO was promising candidates for orthopaedics implants.     

食品包装材质对消费者绿色购买意愿影响的眼动研究

目的 探讨食品包装材质对消费者注意加工流程和绿色购买意愿影响的内在机制。方法 采用包装材质2(环保/普通)×食品类型2(实用品/享乐品)双因素实验设计,在货架购物场景下采用Tobii Glasses 2眼镜式眼动仪,采集被试者浏览货架不同食品时的眼动数据(平均注视时间、注视次数、热点图),并结合行为数据综合分析。结果 在平均注视时间上,包装材质与食品类型的交互作用显著,注视次数交互作用不显著;环保材质包装的食品获得更多关注,被试者偏好于选择环保包装的享乐食品。结论 包装材质与食品类型共同影响消费者的视觉感知效果与加工过程,环保包装对青年消费者的绿色购买意愿有正向促进作用。