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991.
本文以Access课程为例,探讨如何构建网络题库,研究Access课程网络题库的构建方法。实际应用效果表明,所构建的题库难度系数合理,考试结果的信度和效度较高,能够全面、客观、公正地评价学生的学习情况。 相似文献
992.
以网络教学平台的LAMS(学习活动管理系统)为依托,以"Photoshop图像处理"课程中的实际应用为例,阐述在网络辅助教学中,在以任务为导向的学习活动设计和应用中遇到的问题,及其对学生的学习兴趣和学习效果的影响,并提出LAMS改进方向。 相似文献
993.
Matej Perše Author Vitae Matej Kristan Author Vitae Author Vitae Gašper Muši? Author Vitae Author Vitae Stanislav Kova?i? Author Vitae 《Pattern recognition》2010,43(4):1491-1501
This paper presents the use of place/transition petri nets (PNs) for the recognition and evaluation of complex multi-agent activities. The PNs were built automatically from the activity templates that are routinely used by experts to encode domain-specific knowledge. The PNs were built in such a way that they encoded the complex temporal relations between the individual activity actions. We extended the original PN formalism to handle the propagation of evidence using net tokens. The evaluation of the spatial and temporal properties of the actions was carried out using trajectory-based action detectors and probabilistic models of the action durations. The presented approach was evaluated using several examples of real basketball activities. The obtained experimental results suggest that this approach can be used to determine the type of activity that a team has performed as well as the stage at which the activity ended. 相似文献
994.
This paper presents a model to calculate depth-resolved marine photochemical fluxes from remotely sensed ocean color and modeled solar irradiance. The basic approach uses three components: 1) below-sea-surface spectral downward scalar irradiance calculated from a radiative transfer model (STAR) and corrected for clouds using TOMS UV reflectivities; 2) surface-ocean spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients and absorption coefficients for chromophoric dissolved organic matter retrieved from SeaWiFS ocean color using the SeaUV/SeaUVc algorithms; and (3) spectral apparent quantum yield for the photochemical reaction considered. The output of the model is a photochemical rate profile, ΨPR(z), where z represents depth.We implemented the model for carbon monoxide (CO) photochemistry using an average apparent quantum yield spectrum and generated a monthly climatology of depth-resolved CO photoproduction rates in the global ocean. The climatology was used to compute global budgets and investigate the spatial and seasonal variabilities of CO photoproduction in the ocean. The model predicts a global CO photoproduction rate of about 41 TgC yr− 1, in good agreement with other recent published estimates ranging from 30 to 84 TgC yr− 1. The fate of photochemically derived CO and its role in global biogeochemical cycles remains uncertain however, with biological consumption and sea-air exchange competing for its removal in the surface ocean. Knowledge of the vertical distribution of CO photoproduction is critical in the quantification of the relative magnitudes of these sink mechanisms. The depth-resolution capabilities of this model, together with US Naval Research Laboratory climatology for mixed layer depths allowed further estimation that > 95% of the total water-column CO photoproduction occurs within the mixed layer on a global, yearly basis. Despite this compelling figure, the model also suggests significant spatio-temporal variability in the vertical distribution of CO photoproduction in the subtropical gyres, where up to 40% of water-column CO can be produced below the mixed layer during summertime.While the approach can be applied to other photochemical fluxes (e.g. DIC formation or DMS removal), accurate quantification of such processes with remote sensing will be limited until the mechanisms regulating observed oceanic variability in the apparent quantum yields are better understood. Minor modification to this model can also make it applicable for the determination of the effects of UV and visible solar radiation on sensitive biological systems. 相似文献
995.
Development of a tundra-specific snow water equivalent retrieval algorithm for satellite passive microwave data 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Airborne and satellite brightness temperature (TB) measurements were combined with intensive field observations of sub-Arctic tundra snow cover to develop the framework for a new tundra-specific passive microwave snow water equivalent (SWE) retrieval algorithm. The dense snowpack and high sub-grid lake fraction across the tundra mean that conventional brightness temperature difference approaches (such as the commonly used 37 GHz-19 GHz) are not appropriate across the sub-Arctic. Airborne radiometer measurements (with footprint dimensions of approximately 70 × 120 m) acquired across sub-Arctic Canada during three field campaigns during the 2008 winter season were utilized to illustrate a slope reversal in the 37 GHz TB versus SWE relationship. Scattering by the tundra snowpack drives a negative relationship until a threshold SWE value is reached near 130 mm at which point emission from the snowpack creates a positive but noisier relationship between 37 GHz TB and SWE.The change from snowpack scattering to emission was also evident in the temporal evolution of 37 GHz TB observed from satellite measurements. AMSR-E brightness temperatures (2002/03-2006/07) consistently exhibited decreases through the winter before reaching a minimum in February or March, followed by an increase for weeks or months before melt. The cumulative absolute change (Σ|Δ37V|) in vertically polarized 37 GHz TB was computed at both monthly and pentad intervals from a January 1 start date and compared to ground measured SWE from intensive and regional snow survey campaigns, and climate station observations. A greater (lower) cumulative change in |Δ37V| was significantly related to greater (lower) ground measured SWE (r2 = 0.77 with monthly averages; r2 = 0.67 with pentad averages). Σ|Δ37V| was only weakly correlated with lake fraction: monthly r2 values calculated for January through April 2003-2007 were largely less than 0.2. These results indicate that this is a computationally straightforward and viable algorithmic framework for producing tundra-specific SWE datasets from the complete satellite passive microwave record (1979 to present). 相似文献
996.
(O)mür (O)cal 《国际自动化与计算杂志》2011,8(2):254-261
The coefficient diagram method (CDM) is one of the most effective control design methods. It creates control systems that
are very stable and robust with responses without the overshoot and small settling time. Furthermore, all control parameters
of the control systems are changed by varying some adjustment parameters in CDM depending on the demands. The model reference
adaptive systems (MRAS) are the systems that follow and change the control parameters according to a given model reference
system. There are several methods to combine the CDM with MRAS. One of these is to use the MRAS parameters as a gain of the
CDM parameters. Another is to directly use the CDM parameters as the MRAS parameters. In the industrial applications, the
system parameters can be changed frequently, but if the controller, by self-tuning, recalculates and develops its own parameters
continuously, the system becomes more robust. Also, if the poles of the controlled systems approach the jw axis, the response of the closed-loop MRAS becomes more and more insufficient. In order to obtain better results, CDM is
combined with a self-tuning model reference adaptive system. Systems controlled by a model reference adaptive controller give
responses with small or without overshoot, have small settling times, and are more robust. Thus, in this paper, a hybrid combination
of MRAS and CDM is developed and two different control structures of the control signal are investigated. The two methods
are compared with MRAS and applied to real-time process control systems. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
一类不确定非线性系统的自适应输出反馈镇定 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
研究了一类不确定非线性系统的全局自适应输出反馈镇定问题. 由于不确定控制系数和未知线性增长率的存在, 这个问题比较复杂且很难解决. 本文引入一个新的在线调节的动态增益, 并基于此设计了高增益K-滤波器用于重构系统的状态. 然后, 受广义控制方法的启发, 发展了反推法并设计了自适应输出反馈镇定控制器. 结果表明, 通过选择恰当的设计参数可以保证闭环系统的全局稳定性. 给出的仿真算例验证了本文理论结果的正确性. 相似文献
1000.