热处理工艺对AlSi7.0Mg0.3和AlSi7.0Mg0.3Sr合金组织的影响

研究了热处理工艺对定向凝固条件下ＡｌＳｉ 合金共晶组织的影响。通过多级长时间的固溶处理及回火处理,ＡｌＳｉ７－０Ｍｇ０－３０ 和ＡｌＳｉ７－０ Ｍｇ０－３Ｓｒ 合金中的共晶体体积分数在较快冷却速度时要比慢速冷却时的高,而共晶体中硅粒子的体积分数则有较大幅度的降低。经过热处理后,不同凝固条件下的ＡｌＳｉ 合金的共晶硅粒子的平均截面积、平均自由间距与形状系数都较铸态时有较大的提高,而共晶硅粒子的细化度则有明显的减少。即使经过长时间的热处理,加入微量锶的影响仍然存在。     

深过冷Ni-P共晶合金凝固组织的形成和转变

采用玻璃熔覆法使Ni—P共晶合金实现了深过冷。随着过冷度的增加，其凝固组织发生了一系列的变化：晶粒逐渐细化，凝固组织从规则棒状共晶向异常粒状共晶组织转化，最后得到显微结构细小的胞状共晶团组织。利用单相枝晶状共晶的熔断模型，解释了过冷熔体形成异常粒状共晶团的形成原因。熔体在深过冷条件下形成的胞状共晶组织则可以固／液界面稳定性理论来描述。     

共晶Ga—In合金的液态结构与粘度研究

利用液态金属X射线衍射仪测试了室温下Ga-24.6%In共晶合金的强度曲线、结构因子、双体分布函数以及原子间最近邻距离。结果表明,液态共晶Ga-In合金结构因子的第一峰呈明显的不对称。表明熔体中仍保留有部分Ga的共价键。,建立了共晶Ga-In合金的结构模型。利用此模型计算所得结果与用Gauss分解所得结果吻合良好;利用回转振动粘度仪进行了粘度测量。结果表明,共晶Ga-In合金的粘度值在100－600℃范围内满足指数关系,表明熔体中没有发生结构转变。并给出了其粘度与温度的关系式。     

高温渗硼新工艺

对盐溶共晶化渗硼的基本原理和具体工艺进行了探讨。结果表明 ,采用盐溶共晶化渗硼可在较短的时间内在工件表面形成较厚的共晶组织渗层 ,渗层硬度适中 ,表面光洁。该工艺适合中小型工件的整体表面强化处理     

不同温度下Al-Si共晶合金与Zr-2合金的相容性研究

用粉末冶金工艺制备了Al-Si共晶合金与Zr-2合金扩散偶,研究了不同等温热处理温度和时间条件下扩散偶的相容性.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)技术分析了扩散偶界面处的微观形貌和元素分布,讨论了扩散层形成机理.结果表明,环境温度及材料状态显著影响扩散偶之间的相容性.650℃时,液态Al-Si合金对Zr-2合金的浸润和扩散形成了较明显的以Zr3Al化合物为主的扩散层;560℃时,扩散元素之间仅产生固态扩散,形成的扩散层很薄;350℃时,扩散系数更小,几乎未发生扩散和形成扩散层,Al-Si共晶合金与Zr-2合金之间具有良好的相容性.     

Effect of wall wettability condition on drift-flux parameters in lead–bismuth two-phase flow in circular and annular bubble columns

Lead–bismuth two-phase flow in a cylindrical vessel and annulus was experimentally investigated by varying the surface wettability of the vessel wall. The test section used in this study was a cylindrical stainless vessel with/without inner sleeve to change the hydraulic diameter. Volume-averaged void fraction was measured by varying the surface wettability of the test section, which was enhanced by using a soldering flux. Measured void fraction was compared with existing two-phase flow correlations and with one-dimensional theoretical simulations assuming one-dimensional drift-flux model. From experimental results, measured distribution parameters of the lead–bismuth two-phase flow are much larger than that of ordinary two-phase flow regardless of the surface wettability. In the present work, the one-dimensional analysis was carried out for the cylindrical vessel to reproduce the distribution parameter. From the simulation results, predicted value for the cylindrical vessel showed good agreement with experimental results. However, in annulus, the distribution parameters in annulus were underestimated by the present model. It was suggested that, in case of annulus, steeper void fraction profile might be formed near the inner surface for poor wettability condition.     

添加Cu和T6下Mg2Si/Al复合材料的组织与性能

采用铸造法制备原位自生亚共晶Al-10Mg₂Si复合材料,研究Cu和T6热处理对该复合材料组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:适量Cu的添加能显著减小共晶Mg₂Si相晶粒尺寸,使其晶体结构由粗大的长条状和汉字状转变为细小的条状和纤维状;同时使针状的β-Al₅Fe Si相转变为细小的不规则富Cu颗粒。经T6热处理后,质量分数为1.5%的Cu复合材料中的共晶Mg₂Si相完全球化。质量分数为1.5%的Cu添加同时提高了材料铸态下的抗拉强度(R_m)、屈服强度(R_p0.2)和伸长率(A),达317、169 MPa和2.3%,比未添加Cu提高了42.2%、24.3%和53.3%;经T6热处理的R_m和R_p0.2值分别增至332、181 MPa,而A值保持不变。同时,材料由脆性断裂完全转变为韧性断裂。     

共晶合成料的特点及在锰锌铁氧体生产中的应用

通过工艺流程的比较、X射线衍射分析、电子探针和微区分析,对共晶合成料的特点进行了研究。结果表明：共晶合成料物理、化学特性好,一致性和可控性较佳。其自身的特点决定了其工艺流程尚不能取消预烧工序。共晶合成法生产的高磁导率材料频段在10-100kHz时μi〉12000,功率材料产品性能达到了日本TDK牌号为PC44的材料水平。     

One-step synthesis in deep eutectic solvents of PtV alloy nanonetworks on carbon nanotubes with enhanced methanol electrooxidation performance

We report a simple one-step chemical reduction strategy in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for the fabrication of a PtV alloy nanonetwork (ANN)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanohybrid, which exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance in both activity and stability for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The as-synthesized nanohybrid was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirming the formation of a porous nanonetwork structure composed of smaller PtV alloy nanoparticles (~3.8 nm) and the presence of strong electronic transfer interactions between Pt and alloyed V. The electrochemical properties of catalysts for the MOR were evaluated by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The electrocatalytic activity, durability and CO tolerance ability of PtV ANNs/MWCNTs toward the MOR are found to be considerably higher than those of the Pt/MWCNT and commercial Pt/C catalysts. This investigation of the effect of several reaction parameters (e.g., scan rate and methanol concentration) indicates that the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on PtV ANNs/MWCNTs is a diffusion-controlled electrochemical process. The performance enhancement mechanism of MOR on the PtV ANN/MWCNT catalyst is analyzed based on the structure and electrochemical studies.     

Electrodeposition of nano-nickel in deep eutectic solvents for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution

The electrodeposition of nano-Ni films on a Cu substrate from NiCl₂ precursors in choline chloride (ChCl)/urea or ethylene glycol (EG) based deep eutectic solvent (DES) was illustrated. Voltammetric study demonstrates that the electrodeposition of Ni(Ⅱ) in both ChCl/urea and ChCl/EG systems is a simple one-step reaction process, and the electrochemical process is a typical diffusion-controlled irreversible process. The obtained Ni films can be controlled to form nanostructures depending on the DES and the electrodeposition conditions. The nanostructured Ni films were investigated as electrodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in an alkaline medium. The enhanced catalytic activity toward the HER was confirmed, which is mainly attributed to the formation of needles morphology and the improved electrochemical surface area. The result reveals that the electrodeposition process may provide a promising strategy for the production of nano-Ni at low temperature for HER.