Photoreceptor Cells Constitutively Express IL-35 and Promote Ocular Immune Privilege

Interleukin-27 is constitutively secreted by microglia in the retina or brain, and upregulation of IL-27 during neuroinflammation suppresses encephalomyelitis and autoimmune uveitis. However, while IL-35 is structurally and functionally similar to IL-27, the intrinsic roles of IL-35 in CNS tissues are unknown. Thus, we generated IL-35/YFP-knock-in reporter mice (p35-KI) and demonstrated that photoreceptor neurons constitutively secrete IL-35, which might protect the retina from persistent low-grade inflammation that can impair photoreceptor functions. Furthermore, the p35-KI mouse, which is hemizygous at the il12a locus, develops more severe uveitis because of reduced IL-35 expression. Interestingly, onset and exacerbation of uveitis in p35-KI mice caused by extravasation of proinflammatory Th1/Th17 lymphocytes into the retina were preceded by a dramatic decrease of IL-35, attributable to massive death of photoreceptor cells. Thus, while inflammation-induced death of photoreceptors and loss of protective effects of IL-35 exacerbated uveitis, our data also suggest that constitutive production of IL-35 in the retina might have housekeeping functions that promote sterilization immunity in the neuroretina and maintain ocular immune privilege.     

推广应用蓄热式电热锅炉可行性研究

本文通过介绍蓄热式电热锅炉的运行特性,并就燃煤、燃油、天然气锅炉和蓄热式电热锅炉的综合经济效益进行了比较,阐明蓄热式电热锅炉在经济运行方式下运作,一可降低运行费用;二可调荷避峰,在一定范围内推广使用完全可行。     

汽车行业供应链管理文化——美国、日本和中国的比较

在文化对比研究的基础上,结合现有的汽车行业供应链管理理论,主要比较了美国、日本和中国三种不同的文化背景对各自管理价值观及管理模式发生的影响,探讨了不同的文化背景对汽车供应链凝聚力、领导方式、质量与劳动力成本以及结构稳定性等方面有何影响,以及最终对汽车供应链管理模式发生的影响.     

沈从文与服饰史研究的三重证据法

沈从文的《中国古代服饰研究》实际上已意识到服饰史料的三个种类:实物、图像、文献,惜其未能详尽其言。本文从其中分析出最适合服饰史研究的三重证据法,并结合罗兰·巴特对于服饰符号体系的三分进行了进一步阐述,参照西方服装史的研究,提出运用三重证据法研究中国服饰史的重要意义。     

油水两相非达西试井分析新进展及其展望

简述了低渗透油藏、油水两相低渗透油藏非达西试井分析研究的新进展。提出对低渗透油藏应建立公认的非达西渗流数学模型,准则数、数值试井模型及分析方法,指出低渗透油藏是否存在非达西渗流,除加强渗流特征的影响因素、渗流形成机理的研究之外,还要从实验上能够模拟代表真实的现场条件的体现度。     

深层低渗气藏岩心渗透率测试技术探索

储层岩石渗透率是量度油气流动能力最重要的物性参数之一。因此,准确测定地层岩石渗透率,特别是地层岩石就地渗透率对科学开发油气田具有重要意义。深层低渗气藏由于上覆压力大、地温高、渗透率低(一般小于1×10     

基于岩心核磁共振实验数据确定阳离子交换容量

以HSK方程为基础,提出了一种利用岩心核磁共振实验数据计算阳离子交换容量Qv的方法.该方法与湿式化学阳离子交换容量分析法相比存在一定的误差.12块岩样数据显示,相对误差范围12％～95％,平均相对误差为55％.分别从溶液矿化度、核磁共振总孔隙度以及黏土束缚水T2截止值等参数出发,开展了核磁共振确定阳离子交换容量影响因素分析研究.黏土束缚水T2截止值是影响核磁共振计算阳离子交换容量的关键参数,黏土束缚水T2截止值是可变的,而不是传统意义上的3 ms.基于岩心核磁共振准确求取阳离子交换容量的前提是准确求取黏土束缚水T2截止值.     

A Review of Toxicity Mechanism Studies of Electronic Cigarettes on Respiratory System

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have attracted much attention as a new substitute for conventional cigarettes. E-cigarettes are first exposed to the respiratory system after inhalation, and studies on the toxicity mechanisms of e-cigarettes have been reported. Current research shows that e-cigarette exposure may have potentially harmful effects on cells, animals, and humans, while the safety evaluation of the long-term effects of e-cigarette use is still unknown. Similar but not identical to conventional cigarettes, the toxicity mechanisms of e-cigarettes are mainly manifested in oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and DNA damage. This review will summarize the toxicity mechanisms and signal pathways of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes concerning the respiratory system, which could give researchers a better understanding and direction on the effects of e-cigarettes on our health.     

芦山地震中大跨空间结构主要破坏模式及数值分析

为探究短边距混凝土网架平板支座的受力机理和破坏模式,分别针对不同混凝土边距以及不同钢底板开孔形式共3个平板支座缩尺试件进行拟静力试验。对平板支座试件的破坏模式、滞回曲线、混凝土柱上层箍筋应变进行分析。试验结果表明：采用规范中对抗剪锚筋混凝土边距的建议长度,不能避免支座混凝土边缘破坏发生,但是混凝土柱上层箍筋对混凝土边缘的约束作用明显,并且采用开长孔钢底板并合理设计开孔长度,能有效推迟甚至避免发生混凝土边缘破坏。