汽车被动安全性研究的三维乘员多体系统模型

采用多刚体系统动力学中的Ｒ－Ｗ方法建立了用于模拟汽车碰撞过程中乘员运动学、动力学响应的三维人体模型，以美国联邦机动车辆安全标准定义的Ｐａｒｔ５７２Ｄ型假人为例，对其前碰中的运动进行了模拟，并通过试验验证了该模型的正确性。     

人口经济动力学与CGE模型仿真

用通用数学建模系统软件GAMS建立了一个可以用于中长期预测和政策模拟的可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型系统.本系统由人口增长模型、生产模型和消费与储蓄模型组成.利用各个模型间的综合平衡关系和模型的动态反馈结构,将人口增长模型的输出作为外生变量,工资替代率和退休年龄作为控制变量,研究了按照中国人口老龄化的速度和依然运行传统的社会保障体系将会给国民经济和人民生活水平带来的影响,并探索了现有养老金系统改革可能达到的经济与社会效益.     

An Attempt at the Classification of Energy Decaying Schemes for Structural and Multibody Dynamics

This paper analyzes the formulation of energy preserving/decaying schemes for dynamics problems. We argue that any energy preserving/decaying scheme can always be seen as composed of an underlying temporal discretization, that is then slightly modified in order to prove a discrete energy bound within a time step. While the details of the modified scheme depend in a critical way on the governing equations, the underlying discretization can in principle be applied to a variety of models. We review some of the temporal underlying schemes recently proposed in the literature, presenting them with a common notation. We show their similarities and highlight their differences.     

多级旋转式倒立摆的建模与分析

运用刚体的动力学知识对多级旋转式倒立摆系统进行了动力学分析,归纳其规律性,并推导出旋臂及各级摆杆的运动微分方程,从而获得任意级旋转式倒立摆的非线性数学模型。文中还对旋转式倒立摆系统进行了能控性分析。最后利用MATLAB对一级、二级旋转式倒立摆的控制进行了仿真,并得到较好的仿真结果。     

Lennard-Jones Viscosities in Wide Ranges of Temperature and Density: Fast Calculations Using a Steady–State Periodic Perturbation Method

A method for fast calculation of viscosity from molecular dynamics simulation is revisited. The method consists of using a steady-state periodic perturbation. A methodology to choose the amplitude of the external perturbation, which is one of the major practical issues in the original technique of Gosling et al. [Mol. Phys. 26: 1475 (1973)] is proposed. The amplitude of the perturbation required for fast caculations and the viscosity values for wide ranges of temperature and density of the Lennard-Jones (LJ) model fluid are reported. The viscosity results are in agreement with recent LJ viscosity calculations. Additionally, the simulations demonstrate that the proposed approach is suitable to efficiently generate viscosity data of good quality.     

Structural approach to nanoscience: a case study of complex and cluster formation in ZnBr2–ZnCl2 melts

Although the melt structure of glass-forming ZnCl₂ has so far been well studied, there exists quite little information on the structural change due to anion-substitution. In the present work, the short-range structure of ZnCl₂–ZnBr₂ mixture melts was analyzed systematically by time-of-flight pulsed neutron diffraction techniques, Raman spectroscopy, molecular orbital calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations. According to radial distribution analysis, it was found that there were tetrahedral structural units of ligand-substituted [ZnCl_nBr_4−n]²⁻ (n=0–4) in these melts, not implying the simple mixing of [ZnCl₄]²⁻ and [ZnBr₄]²⁻ units. Further detailed estimation indicated that the ligand-substituted complex anions were linked with each other by sharing a common anion.     

Stress Versus Coarticulation: Toward an Integrated Approach to Explicit Speech Segmentation.

Although word stress has been hailed as a powerful speech-segmentation cue, the results of 5 cross-modal fragment priming experiments revealed limitations to stress-based segmentation. Specifically, the stress pattern of auditory primes failed to have any effect on the lexical decision latencies to related visual targets. A determining factor was whether the onset of the prime was coarticulated with the preceding speech fragment. Uncoarticulated (i.e., concatenated) primes facilitated priming. Coarticulated ones did not. However, when the primes were presented in a background of noise, the pattern of results reversed, and a strong stress effect emerged: Stress-initial primes caused more pruning than non-initial-stress primes, regardless of the coarticulatory cues. The results underscore the role of coarticulation in the segmentation of clear speech and that of stress in impoverished listening conditions. More generally, they call for an integrated and signal-contingent approach to speech segmentation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Molecular dynamics studies of atomic-scale tribological characteristics for different sliding systems

A slider-slab sliding model for hard-to-soft and soft-to-soft sliding systems with abrasive and non-abrasive wear conditions is used to investigate atomic-scale friction. The molecular dynamics simulation uses the Morse potential to calculate interatomic forces between atoms. Separation distance between the slider and the slab is changed to simulate repulsive and attractive interactive force fields exerted on interface between two sliding components. Effects of the interaction potential parameters on the sliding friction are investigated. The relationship of frictional force, normal force and temperature rise of the slider and the slab during sliding are established. Comparison of the hard-to-soft and the soft-to-soft sliding system are carried out and shows different tribological phenomena.     

弹射座椅的冲击动力学分析研究

将冲击动力学和有限元分析方法相结合，建立了复杂结构在冲击载荷作用下的分析计算方法。通过对军用飞机弹射座椅所受不同冲击载荷的对比计算，分析了弹射座椅的响应规律和可能的失效形式。通过仿真计算有利于在设计阶段掌握弹射座椅薄弱环节，其方法对同类复杂结构的冲击动力学分析计算具有参考价值。     

高速锯床防护罩抗冲击能力的有限元分析

利用ANSYS/LS_DYNA的动力学分析功能对GS3050型超高速数控锯床安全防护罩的抗冲击能力进行了数值分析,对刀具碎片侵彻有机玻璃的过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明,采用厚度为15 mm的改性丙烯酸脂有机玻璃作为GS3050锯床的安全防护罩是可靠的.数值分析和试验的结果吻合.