氮化铟薄膜的p型掺杂和铁磁性研究进展

Ⅲ族氮化物半导体材料(InN、GaN、AlN)由于能带结构的特殊性,使其在光电器件与微波等领域得到广泛应用。其中,研究和发展InN材料及器件已被公认是占领光电信息技术领域战略至高点的重要途径,InN材料的p型导电以及室温铁磁性研究更是成为Ⅲ族氮化物中新颖的研究课题。首先简单介绍InN的晶体结构和制备方法,并分析其目前所遇到的挑战,然后重点阐述国际上关于InN在p型掺杂以及铁磁性领域的研究进展,同时介绍本课题组在该方面的研究,最后进行了简要总结和展望。     

Superfluid vs Ferromagnetic Behavior in a Bose Gas of Spin-1/2 Atoms

We study the thermodynamic phases of a Bose gas of spin-1/2 atoms in the Hartree-Fock approximation. Our main result is that, for repulsive or weakly attractive inter-component interaction strength, the superfluid and ferromagnetic phase transitions occur at the same temperature. For strongly attractive inter-component interaction strength, however, the ferromagnetic phase transition occurs at a higher temperature than the superfluid phase transition. We also find that the presence of a condensate acts as an effective magnetic field that polarizes the normal cloud. We finally comment on the validity of the Hartree-Fock approximation in describing different phenomena in this system.     

Fe掺杂量和退火氛围对TiO2薄膜晶体结构和磁性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射方法在玻璃基片上制备了不同Fe掺杂量的TiO2薄膜,并对薄膜分别在空气和真空氛围下500℃进行30min退火处理。研究了Fe掺杂量和退火氛围对TiO2薄膜的结晶状态、表面形貌和磁性能的影响。结果表明,真空中500℃下退火的Fe掺杂的TiO2薄膜表现为非晶态结构,没有观察到室温铁磁性能的出现,而空气中500℃退火的样品显示出良好的结晶状态,且所有掺杂的样品均显示出室温铁磁性,并且随着Fe掺杂量的增加,TiO2薄膜的晶体结构逐渐由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变。     

Domain Engineering in ReS2 by Coupling Strain during Electrochemical Exfoliation

Chemical exfoliation has been used for the fast and large‐scale production of 2D nanosheets from graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides; however, it is rarely used for domain engineering of exfoliated nanosheets. Herein, it is found that the use of large sized molecular intercalants during electrochemical intercalation induce atomic row dislocation and parallel mirror twin boundaries (MTBs) on an otherwise pristine rhenium disulfide (ReS₂) crystal, such that the exfoliated flakes possess a parallel, multi‐domain structure. These domains can be distinguished under a polarized microscope owing to the intrinsic in‐plane optical dichroic properties of ReS₂, thereby affording a way to track the number of domains introduced versus the size of the molecular intercalant during electrochemical exfoliation. Ferromagnetism is detected on the intercalated sample using large sized molecular intercalants. Density function theory suggests that these may be due to the coupled effects of lattice strain and S vacancies in the MTBs.     

室温铁磁性Al2O3∶Mn的制备及性质

以Al2O3为衬底利用多能态离子注入法在离子注入设备上制备了一系列具有室温铁磁性的Al2O3:Mn样品.在Al2O3的X射线衍射峰附近发现新的衍射峰,该衍射峰既可能对应一种未知新相,也可能对应Al2O3:Mn固溶体.所有样品都具有磁滞现象和室温铁磁性.     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of Zr doped ZnO Nanoparticles

Zr doped ZnO nanoparticles are prepared by the sol-gel method with post-annealing. X-ray diffraction results show that all samples are the typical hexagonal wurtzite structure without any other new phase, as well as the Zr atoms have successfully entered into the ZnO lattices instead of forming other lattices. Magnetic measurements indicate that all the doping samples show room temperature ferromagnetism and the pure ZnO is paramagneism. The results of Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that there are a lot of oxygen vacancies in the samples by doping element of Zr. It is considered that the observed ferromagnetism is related to the doping induced oxygen vacancies.     

High-temperature ferromagnetism of Ni-doped PbPdO2 nanograin films synthesized by sol-gel spin-coating method

The single-phase Ni-doped PbPdO₂ films with a body-centered orthorhombic structure were synthesized by the sol-gel spin-coating method and an oxidation treatment. The films with a thickness of about 440 nm were found to have a nanograin structure and large amount of Pb vacancies. The valence states of Ni and Pd ions within the Ni-doped PbPdO₂ films were very close to 2+, while the Pb ions exhibited a mixed valence between 2+ and 4+. The existence of Pb vacancies and the low electronegativity of Pb²⁺ ion resulted in the increase of the valence of Pb ions. The analysis of the magnetic properties indicated that the magnetisms of the single-phase Ni-doped PbPdO₂ nanograin films were all composed of the ferromagnetism and the paramagnetism. The ferromagnetism enhanced with the calcination temperature increasing and could be retained up to 380 K. A carrier-mediated mechanism bridged to the bound magnetic polaron model based on the Pb vacancies, the doped Ni ions and the Pb ions with a valence higher than 2+ were used to explain the magnetic origin of these Ni-doped PbPdO₂ nanograin films.     

Investigation of structural,optical, electrical,and magnetic properties of Fe-doped La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 manganites

In this work, the physical properties of nanocrystalline samples of La_0.7Sr_0.3Mn_1−xFe_xO₃ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) perovskite manganites synthesized by the reverse micelle (RM) technique were explored in detail. The phase purity, crystal structure, and crystallite size of the samples were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. All the samples had rhombohedral crystal structure and crystallite size increased with increase in Fe content in La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃. The scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) exhibited smooth surface morphology and nonuniform shape of the particles. The optical properties studied using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the absorbance and optical band gap with an increase in Fe content in La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ compound. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements revealed semiconducting nature of x = 0 and 0.1 samples up to the studied temperature range, while a metal-to-insulator transition was observed at higher Fe doping. Magnetic studies revealed weak ferromagnetism in all the samples and a reduction in the maximum magnetization with an increase in Fe content. A close correlation between electrical transport and magnetic properties was observed with the doping of Fe ion in La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ at Mn site. These results advocate strong interactions associated with the double exchange mechanism among Fe³⁺ and Mn³⁺ ions.     

钙钛矿型铋铁氧体纳米微粒的弱铁磁性

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同粒径的纯净单相钙钛矿型BiFeO3纳米微粒. X射线衍射分析表明，BiFeO3纳米微粒仍为菱方结构，但晶格畸变随颗粒尺寸的减小而增大. 磁测量显示，BiFeO3纳米微粒具有明显弱铁磁性，且弱铁磁性随温度升高显著降低. 弱铁磁性的自发磁化强度随温度升高呈线性下降，磁化强度和磁化率均随颗粒尺寸的减小而增大. 穆斯堡尔谱分析揭示，颗粒愈小，自旋倾角愈大，其分布也愈宽. 从纳米微粒小尺寸效应和表面效应入手，讨论了BiFeO3纳米微粒结构与磁结构和弱铁磁性的关系.