济钢第一炼钢厂降低钢铁料消耗实践

济钢第一炼钢厂通过优化入炉原料结构,改进冶炼工艺,实施少渣炼钢,有效减少了转炉吹损,降低了钢铁料消耗成本,2002年增加炼钢综合经济效益3100多万元。     

电解铝侧插自焙槽技术改造与环境保护

电解铝侧插自焙槽属于落后的生产工艺，由于其能耗高、物料消耗大、劳动强度大、环境污染严重，在国内电解铝中已开始进行大规模的淘汰改造。采用先进的预焙电解槽生产技术，降耗节能、改善生产劳动强度，环境污染得到有效治理，各项环境指标达标排放，经济技术指标提高，食业面貌发生了巨大大变化。     

Human urine - Chemical composition and fertilizer use efficiency

Stored human urine had pH values of 8.9 and was composed of eight main ionic species (> 0.1 meq L^–1), the cations Na, K, NH₄, Ca and the anions, Cl, SO₄, PO₄ and HCO₃. Nitrogen was mainly (> 90%) present as ammoniacal N, with ammonium bicarbonate being the dominant compound. Urea and urate decomposed during storage. Heavy metal concentrations in urine samples were low compared with other organic fertilizers, but copper, mercury, nickel and zinc were 10–500 times higher in urine than in precipitation and surface waters. In a pot experiment with¹⁵N labelled human urine, higher gaseous losses and lower crop uptake (barley) of urine N than of labelled ammonium nitrate were found. Phosphorus present in urine was utilized at a higher rate than soluble phosphate, showing that urine P is at least as available to crops as soluble P fertilizers.     

基于GRNN网络模型的土壤重金属空间分布的研究

以江苏省南通市为研究区,利用采样点实测数据,借助GRNN神经网络模型并结合3S技术对农田土壤重金属的空间动态分布进行了深入研究。结果表明,GRNN神经网络模型能够智能地学习各个采样点的空间位置与该点各重金属含量之间的映射关系,并能够稳健地对各个空间插值点处的土壤重金属含量进行预测;结果显示南通市农田土壤重金属污染总体较轻,但也存在局部地区的严重污染。在运用GRNN神经网络模型进行空间插值了解重金属空间动态分布的基础上,可以根据污染的状况确定农产品的生产布局和规划。     

Single and combined deactivating effect of alkali metals and HCl on commercial SCR catalysts

Two commercial SCR catalysts, with a nominal W content of about 9 wt.% and a V nominal content of 0.55 and 1.8 wt.%, respectively, were contacted with different amounts of Na and K and with HCl vapours in order to simulate poisoning by species more specifically contained in exhaust gases from MSW combustion. Catalysts were characterised using XRD analysis, SEM/EDX analysis, BET and pore size distribution measurements, NH₃ TPD, TG analysis. Poisoning agents do not cause loss of surface area nor pore occlusion. A significant loss of surface acidity was observed upon alkali metals poisoning whereas a decreasing of vanadium content was observed for the more concentrated catalysts upon HCl poisoning. Catalysts deactivation is proportional to the number of acid sites neutralised by alkali metals adsorbing ammonia in the temperature range typical of SCR process. HCl promotes the formation of new acid sites showing a lower activity compared to the original one.     

Cyanex有机膦类萃取剂在贵金属溶剂萃取中的研究和应用

介绍了近年来Cyanex有机膦类萃取剂在贵金属溶剂萃取中的研究状况及应用进展，展望了该类萃取剂在贵金属分离提取中的应用前景。     

Toxicity of Detroit River Sediment-Bound Contaminants to Ultraplankton

Four sites in the Detroit River/Lake Erie western basin were evaluated for their toxicity. The evaluation was based on 1) bulk chemical characterization of the sediments, 2) chemical composition of the sediment elutriates, and 3) toxicity of the elutriates to ultraplankton and microplankton/net plankton. A sequence of decreasing contamination was determined from the chemical composition of the elutriates based on the elutriation release of metals such as Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, and Co. Bioassessment of elutriate toxicity was determined by carbon-14 Algal Fractionation Bioassays (AFB's) which were conducted with various dilutions of standard and Chelex-100 treated elutriates. Site A (near Windsor, Ontario) and Site D (western Lake Erie) were found to be toxic to ultraplankton. The observed toxicity was attributed to the bioavailability and synergistic impact of elutriated metals on ultraplankton production. A direct relationship between the water soluble metal fraction and toxicity was observed. These results confirmed that sediment toxicity should not be evaluated solely on bulk chemical composition of the sediments. The AFB's have been proven useful in the bioassessment of sediments due to their rapidity/sensitivity and hence could be routinely used for the screening and early detection of contaminants affecting fast growing organisms which form the basis of the aquatic food chain.     

The magnetic applications choice among ferrite ceramics,metallic strips,or metal powder cores

Iron-based metallic strip materials such as iron, silicon-iron, and amorphous metal are used for low frequency (50–60 Hz. line) power applications. Low-loss Nickel-based alloys as high permeability strip or insulated powder cores are the choices for stable, low-level higher frequency applications. Iron-based powder cores offer low cost as power supply filter chokes. Ceramic ferrites combine highest frequency operation with low cost and reduced component size as transformers and chokes in telecommunication and high frequency power supply applications.     

从含有机物的金废料中提取纯金的研究

物料的经蒸发、燃烧和焙烧除去有机物。焙渣用硝酸浸出可溶性杂质，金富集在渣中。用正水溶解金。金溶液用Ｈ２ＳＯ４和ＮａＯＨ进行纯化处理，用亚硫酸钠沉积金。金粉洗至无Ｃｌ＾－反应后，加稀硝酸煮沸３０￣６０ｍｉｎ，得到纯度９９．９５％以上的海锦金。     

Surface treatment for adhesive-bonded joints by excimer laser

In this work a treatment for surface preparation to improve mechanical resistance in adhesive bonding of plastic composites reinforced with fibres and metallic material, has been performed using an excimer laser. The following couplings have been selected to reproduce joints commonly used in the aerospace and automotive industry: CFC (carbon fibre composite) with CFC, CFC with Al 2024T3, Al 99% with Al 99%, GFC (glass fibre composite) with zinc-coated sheet in low carbon steel FeP01. The surfaces have been prepared using an excimer laser, adopting several values of laser parameters. The obtained surfaces have been examined by optical and scanning electron microscope: comparative measures of wetting and roughness have been performed to obtain an accurate characterisation and to select the proper finishes suitable to improve the mechanical resistance of the joints. The results obtained show that laser treatment always improves the final resistance of the joint; notable increases, and no significant surface damages have been highlighted. Better results have been obtained with the Al 99% with Al 99% joints which, with a low number of pulses treatment, have shown an increase of mechanical resistance up to the 70%.