Thermoplastic extrusion—the mechanism of the formation of extrudate structure and properties

Systems processed by thermoplastic extrusion can be regarded as heterophase polymer melts of incompatible water-plasticized biopolymers. In the process of thermoplastic extrusion, proteins and polysaccharides are melted at high pressure and temperature below the temperature region of their thermal decomposition. Dispersed particles of these systems can be deformed in flow. The mixed-melt anisotropic structure, formed in flow, is fixed by rapid conversion of the melt jet that lets the extruder die from a viscous state to a rubber-like state and then to a glassy state caused by cooling and drying. Incompatibility of proteins and polysaccharides in their water-plasticized melt mixtures impacts on structure formation and texturization during thermoplastic extrusion. Presented at the 20th ISF World Congress and 83rd AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo, May 10–14, 1992, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.     

国外挤出成型加工技术及设备的近期进展

简要评述了国外塑料挤出成型加工技术及设备的近期进展,重点介绍了混炼挤出技术及设备、反应挤出技术及设备以及共挤出成型及设备的发展动向,并列举了国外主要公司的技术成果.     

一种多元复合地基复合模量的计算方法

多元复合地基的沉降计算依赖于其复合模量的取值.目前多元复合地基复合模量计算均未考虑桩对桩间土的侧向挤密作用,因而其沉降计算结果与实际值相差较大.而考虑桩体与桩间土的侧向挤压作用,依据线弹性变形理论,推求的多元复合地基的复合模量公式应用于工程实例,结果表明,该方法是合理可行的,并且存在着参数易于确定、方法简便、机理清楚的特点.     

Microstructure of high modulus solid state extruded polyethylene: 2. X-ray scattering studies of 12, 24 and 36 extrusion draw ratio

The microstructure of a series of solid state extruded polyethylene fibres was examined by wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering. By measuring absolute intensities using a two dimensional position sensitive detector, accurate values of the small-angle invariant for anisotropic samples were obtained. This measurement coupled with wide-angle X-ray scattering and d.s.c. permitted determination of the density of the noncrystalline component. The use of a two phase model for solid state extruded polyethylene is justified if consideration is given to the effective densities of the crystalline and noncrystalline phases, which change with deformation. The effective density of the crystalline phase decreases by 1% (0.999–0.990 g cm^?3) from the unextruded billet compared to a 36 draw ratio extrudate, while the noncrystalline phase density increases by 6% (0.84–0.89 g cm^?3). These changes lead to an overall decrease in the mean squared electron density fluctuation of 63%. The average axial crystallite length measured by wide-angle X-ray scattering increases with extrusion draw ratio while the SAXS long period decreases and weakens considerably. These observations and the electron microscopy results from the previous paper, (Polymer, 1982, 23, 1069), are fully consistent with the key features of the Peterlin model of fibre microstructure.     

投资项目经济评价指标的研究

本文在探讨“平坦”模糊数及其运算的基础上,提出模糊内部收益率的概念;并利用Prade与Dubois提出的比较两个模糊数大小的指标,给出“近似相等”的概念;从而给“模糊内部收益率”的计算提供了一个方法。     

A study on melt recycling of bio-based polypropylene/thermoplastic starch compound

The compulsion to use bioplastics has increased significantly today. One of the important aspects of plastics is their recyclability. Therefore, the important question of this research is that although bio-based compounds containing starch are sensitive to thermal-mechanical recycling processes, are such products thermally recyclable? To answer the question, polypropylene (PP)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) compound granules were extruded up to five times, and in the other part, single-extruded granules were blended at different ratios with virgin granules by extrusion. In order to characterize these samples, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, rotational disc rheometry, tensile properties, and appearance evaluation were used. The results showed that it is possible to recycle PP/TPS granules up to four times repetition of the extrusion operation and the fifth repetition also showed slight changes. There was also a blend of single-extruded granules with virgin material up to a 50:50% composition without significant variation.     

液态挤压过程变形特征研究

液态挤压是近几年开发的融液态模锻和热挤压为一体的全新金属成形工艺，本文对其凝固过程、受力状态、变形特征进行了分析，探讨了液态挤压制件的微观组织形貌及正常和非正常组织的成因，在此基础上，对液态挤压的成形规律性问题及保证过程稳定进行的条件提出了独到见解。     

滚筒洗衣机外桶大型注射模设计

分析了滚筒洗衣机外桶零件的工艺特点 ,介绍了外桶注射模的结构 ,阐述了大滑块上设有小滑块的结构特点及4个大滑块上分型面的复杂性 ,以及模具顶出机构和冷却水道的设计特点。使用该模具生产的洗衣机外桶 ,质量合格 ,经济效益显著。     

高压缸液态挤压成形压力的分析及计算

采用液态挤压代替压力铸造生产铝合金高压缸，不仅克服了压铸件内部易形成气孔和氧化夹杂物的缺陷，而且提高了成品率，降低了产品成本，在分析了高压缸液态挤压成形过程的基础上，提出了成形压力计算的简化模型，并采用变形功法推导了成形压力计算公式，得到了适合实际应用的结果。     

直齿轮精密塑性成形时齿面裂纹的产生机理及控制方法

本文通过对内齿轮缩挤成形工艺的有限元模拟 ,分析了直齿轮成形时齿面裂纹的产生机理 ,并从理论上进行了解释 ,进而提出了防止齿面裂纹产生的方法