Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of NANOBAIN Steel

The microstructure and mechanical properties of NANOBAIN steel treated at different isothermal temperatures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),uniaxial tensile tests and X-ray diffraction(XRD).It was found that bainitic ferrite(BF)plate was made of basic shear transformation units arranged in the same direction of subunits.The existence of defects,such as nanoscale twinning and dislocation,suggested that the growth of transformation units was controlled by the surrounding defect plane with dislocation,which was consistent with the moving direction of BF/austenite interface parallel to the twinning plane.The behavior of work hardening indicated that mechanical stability of microstructures obtained at 250 ℃ and 300 ℃ was much more stable than that obtained at 210℃.The evolution of carbon partitioning in retained austenite and bainitic ferrite also indicated that austenite was enriched in carbon at the initial stage step by step;after the formation of BF,the austenite did not seem to be greatly enriched in carbon and the carbon content showed a little decrease instead;subsequently,aphenomenon of little decarburization of supersaturated bainitic ferrite has also been found.     

Mesoscale modeling of coastal low‐level jets: implications for offshore wind resource estimation

Detailed and reliable spatiotemporal characterizations of turbine hub height wind fields over coastal and offshore regions are becoming imperative for the global wind energy industry. Contemporary wind resource assessment frameworks incorporate diverse multiscale prognostic models (commonly known as mesoscale models) to dynamically downscale global‐scale atmospheric fields to regional‐scale (i.e., spatial and temporal resolutions of a few kilometers and a few minutes, respectively). These high‐resolution model solutions aim at depicting the expected wind behavior (e.g., wind shear, wind veering and topographically induced flow accelerations) at a particular location. Coastal and offshore regions considered viable for wind power production are also known to possess complex atmospheric flow phenomena (including, but not limited to, coastal low‐level jets (LLJs), internal boundary layers and land breeze–sea breeze circulations). Unfortunately, the capabilities of the new‐generation mesoscale models in realistically capturing these diverse flow phenomena are not well documented in the literature. To partially fill this knowledge gap, in this paper, we have evaluated the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting model, a state‐of‐the‐art mesoscale model, in simulating a series of coastal LLJs. Using observational data sources we explore the importance of coastal LLJs for offshore wind resource estimation along with the capacity to which they can be numerically simulated. We observe model solutions to demonstrate strong sensitivities with respect to planetary boundary layer parameterization and initialization conditions. These sensitivities are found to be responsible for variability in AEP estimates by a factor of two. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An experimental investigation on the seismic behavior of cold-formed steel walls sheathed by thin steel plates

The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) frames has grown extensively in recent years, particularly in the earthquake-prone regions. However, the behavior of lateral resisting systems in CFS structures under seismic loads has not been scrutinized in detail. Towards this, an experimental investigation has been conducted on cold formed steel frames sheathed by thin galvanized steel plates, the results of which are presented here. The experiments involve 24 full-scale steel plated walls tested under cyclic loading with different configurations of studs and screws. Of particular interest were the specimens׳ maximum lateral load capacity and the load-deformation behavior as well as a rational estimation of the seismic response modification factor, R. The study also evaluates the failure modes of the systems. The main factors contributing to the ductile response of these shear walls are also discussed in order to suggest improvements so that the walls respond plastically with a significant drift and without any risk of brittle failure.     

分子动力学模拟温度对PE–LD零剪切黏度的影响

采用分子动力学方法模拟分析温度(375~550 K)对低密度聚乙烯(PE–LD)零剪切黏度的影响,通过Material Studio 8.0软件构建分子"位能模型",施加原子水平模拟研究凝聚态优化的分子力场(COMPASS)力场,经过几何优化、退火处理和动力学弛豫后,运行NPT系综的动力学模拟,进行数据处理。结果表明,PE–LD熔体的黏度随温度升高呈指数递减。从分子链自扩散和自由体积来分析其机理,结果显示,温度的升高,加剧了分子链之间的运动,减少了分子间的缠结,增大了熔体的自由体积,减少了分子间的内摩擦,从而导致黏度下降。     

包钢薄板厂横切机组自动化系统

文章论述了包钢薄板厂冷轧横切机组基础级自动化系统组成、系统控制功能、系统软件、网络组成及应用程序介绍,并详细分析了滚筒剪的控制原理和性能特点,以及操作画面在实际生产中的应用。     

弯剪复合载荷作用下复合材料层合板屈曲的强度校核方法

基于复合材料各向异性板的大挠度方程，采用Ritz法和最小势能原理推导出了正交各向异性复合材料层合板在面内弯曲载荷作用下临界屈曲弯矩的解析解；给出了面内弯剪复合载荷作用下复合材料层合板屈曲的强度校核方法，并将本文方法所得结果与用有限元法（FEM）所得结果进行了比较。结果表明，本文方法与有限元方法相吻合，并且形式简洁，便于工程应用。     

On the near-wall effects induced by an axial-flow rotor

Laboratory experiments were performed to quantify the near-wall flow characteristics and the bed shear stress in the vicinity of an axial-flow rotor model. It was placed in a smooth-wall open channel flow under subcritical conditions and operated at two heights. A laser Doppler velocimeter was used to collect profiles of the streamwise and vertical velocity at few locations within the rotor symmetry plane as close as one wall unit from the bed. Local estimates of the mean bed shear stress were obtained from the mean velocity profiles in the viscous and logarithmic regions. Results show that the bed shear stress is sensitive to the distance from the rotor and to the relative height of the rotor. Maximum bed shear stress occurred downstream of the rotor with the rotor closer to the bed. Flow statistics shows a reduction of turbulence intensity and turbulent shear stress near the wall and close to the rotor due to flow acceleration and changes in the pressure distribution. Spectral analysis of the streamwise velocity evidences a reduction of the energy content across scales spanning two decades right below the turbine. The increase of bed shear is due to mainly flow accelerating but not to turbulence.     

A three-dimensional soil–water coupled FE analysis of hollow cylinder test concerning non-uniform deformation

The hollow cylinder shear test is somewhat controversial due to its non-uniform stresses and strains, and has been analyzed by simple theoretical methods and two-dimensional FE calculations. In this paper, the hollow cylinder test under strain control was carried out numerically by treating the specimen as a three-dimensional initial-boundary value problem considering the inertial forces. At first, besides the known nonuniform strain, the non-uniformities of excess pore water pressure and overconsolidation ratio have been shown to benefit from a soil–water coupled analysis that employs the SYS Cam-clay model. Then, the influence of the specimen geometries, including wall thicknesses, heights and outer diameters on the non-uniformity was investigated sequentially. A new method for evaluating non-uniformity was proposed, which is suitable for the three-dimensional analysis. The response under a uniform deformation field, which is indicated by “the perfect path”, was presented to draw a comparison with the apparent behaviors, with non-uniformities taken into consideration. It should be noted that there is a critical height to prevent failure at the specimen ends according to the apparent behavior. Finally, the torque-controlled experiment indicated that 4 ribs could not transfer the torque reliably while 6 or 8 ribs were feasible.     

基于原位十字板强度的沿海地区软黏土超固结比分析

超固结比OCR是评价软黏土变形和强度特性的重要参数。基于天津、上海、连云港、深圳、中山和珠海这6个沿海地区软黏土的原位十字板强度,系统地分析这些地区软黏土的固结状态,并探讨其形成机制。研究结果表明:(1)基于原位十字板强度得到的OCR要明显大于室内一维压缩试验的结果,室内压缩试验会显著低估沿海软黏土的OCR;(2)6个地区的OCR随深度的变化规律较为一致,OCR随深度增加,逐渐减小至某一稳定值,浅层均表现出一定的超固结现象,而深层的固结状态则表现出一定的复杂性;(3)现有模型能够解释我国沿海软黏土超固结的成因以及变化规律,浅部的超固结现象源于以风化胶结为主的"表层作用",而深部的超固结则源于次压缩。考虑到软黏土突出的取土扰动问题,这种基于原位十字板强度的软黏土OCR评价及成因分析方法值得在我国沿海地区推广。     

Wet dispersion mechanism of fine aggregates in multiphase flow with solid beads under simple shear

Clarifying the disintegration mechanism of aggregates in multiphase fluid flow coupled with beads and particulates is important for the optimum design of a wet dispersion process using a stirred media mill. Thus, we develop a numerical method for simulating multiphase flow with beads and particulates using a discrete element method and computational fluid dynamics, and we use the four‐way coupling simulation to study the fluid‐bead‐particulate‐coupled phenomenon that occurs in a simple shear box. The results show that the dominant force causing aggregate disintegration is the fluid force, rather than the bead contact force, because aggregates rarely collide with beads, contact force of which is too small to disintegrate aggregates. Furthermore, aggregates with strong aggregation force are effectively disintegrated by the fluid flow with a dominant high pure‐shear rate induced near the bead surfaces by the expansive force, rather than the compressive force. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 4076–4085, 2014