致密油藏注天然气提高采收率研究现状

随着我国石油需求量不断增加,致密油藏的开发也愈发重要。如何高效开发致密油藏是一项重点难点,其中致密油藏注天然气提高采收率是一个极具潜力的研究方向。因此,本文着重介绍以天然气作为能量补充介质在国内外的研究现状和应用现状,并且从两相特征等方面总结了理论研究中的一些机理,对致密油藏注天然气提高采收率的发展前景进行了一定的展望。     

Electromagnetism-like algorithms for optimized tool path planning in 5-axis flank machining

Optimization of tool path planning using metaheuristic algorithms such as ant colony systems (ACS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) provides a feasible approach to reduce geometrical machining errors in 5-axis flank machining of ruled surfaces. The optimal solutions of these algorithms exhibit an unsatisfactory quality in a high-dimensional search space. In this study, various algorithms derived from the electromagnetism-like mechanism (EM) were applied. The test results of representative surfaces showed that all EM-based methods yield more effective optimal solutions than does PSO, despite a longer search time. A new EM-MSS (electromagnetism-like mechanism with move solution screening) algorithm produces the most favorable results by ensuring the continuous improvement of new searches. Incorporating an SPSA (simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation) technique further improves the search results with effective initial solutions. This work enhances the practical values of tool path planning by providing a satisfactory machining quality.     

Occurrence and distribution of dibenzofurans and benzo[b]naphthofurans in the crude oils from the Northern and offshore Niger Delta basin,Nigeria

The occurrence and distributions of dibenzofurans (DBFs) and benzo[b]naphthofurans were investigated in crude oils from Niger Delta, Nigeria, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. The distribution of DBFs was characterized by the predominance of C₂-dibenzofurans. 4-Methyldibenzofuran was the most abundant among the methyldibenzofurans isomers while dimethyldibenzofuran-2 (DMDBF-2), ethyldibenzofuran-1, DMDBF-3, and DMDBF-6 occurred in higher amounts when compared with other DMDBFs. Among the benzonaphthofurans, the abundance of benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]furan was higher than other isomers. The DBFs distributions in the oils were not affected by source facies and depositional environments. However, the DBFs concentrations increased with increasing maturity in oils from ADL and MJO oilfields.     

microRNA在亨廷顿病中的研究进展

亨廷顿病(Huntington's disease, HD)是神经退行性疾病(neurodegenerative disorders)中一种单基因遗传病,由亨廷顿基因(the huntingtin gene, HTT)第一个外显子中的CAG三核苷酸序列重复扩增引起,尚无法治愈。HTT编码的蛋白产物被称为亨廷顿蛋白(Huntingtin protein, Htt)。突变亨廷顿蛋白(mutated huntingtin protein, mHtt)容易形成聚集体,具有毒性,导致一系列细胞学异常和神经元功能障碍。microRNA(miRNA)在基因转录后水平调控中起重要作用,其表达的改变与HD病理过程有关,成为治疗HD的潜在生物标志物。近年来,对一些特定miRNA在HD中调控机制及靶基因预测方面的研究可为HD提供潜在的治疗方法。本文就miRNA在HD中的相关研究进展进行综述。     

Predicting the thermodynamics of aluminum dross denitrification of flue gas

Existing alumina extraction and material production methods result in the formation of harmful ammonia gas or ammonia water originating from aluminum nitride (AlN) in dross. Therefore, in this study, aluminum dross was used as a denitration reagent to eliminate nitrogen oxides in flue gas and AlN in dross. Based on the proposed scheme, thermodynamic calculations were performed to investigate the denitrification effect and reduction of aluminum dross in flue gas. The results show that equilibrium concentrations of NO, NO₂, and HF in the flue gas were influenced mainly by temperature; their concentrations increased with an increase in the temperature, reaching 4.4 × 10⁻²⁰, 1.7 × 10⁻³⁸, and 7.0 × 10⁻⁸ g/m³, respectively, at 923 K. The Gibbs free energy corresponding to the reaction of CO₂ with Al/AlN in aluminum dross was −377/–120 kJ/mol. HF, originating from the reaction of NaF and water vapor, maintained an extremely low concentration of 6.99 × 10⁻⁸ g/m³ at 923 K. These results indicate that aluminum dross processing may clean the flue gas and increase the calorific value while eliminating the hazards of AlN. The results obtained herein will provide theoretical guidance toward new avenues of aluminum dross utilization.     

基于MF-R和AWS密钥管理机制的物联网健康监测大数据分析系统

带有传感器的可穿戴式医疗设备不断生成大量数据，由于数据的复杂性，难以通过处理和分析大数据来找到有价值的决策信息。为了解决这个问题，提出了一种新的物联网体系结构，用于存储和处理医疗应用的可扩展传感器数据（大数据）。所提出的架构主要由两个子架构组成：Meta Fog重定向（MF-R）架构和AWS密钥管理机制。MF-R架构使用Apache Pig和Apache HBase等大数据技术来收集和存储不同传感器设备生成的传感器数据，并利用卡尔曼滤波消除噪声。AWS密钥管理机制使用密钥管理方案，目的是保护云中的数据，防止未经授权的访问。当数据存储在云中时，所提出的系统能够使用随机梯度下降算法和逻辑回归来开发心脏病的预测模型。仿真实验表明，和其他几种算法相比，提出的算法具有更小的误差，且在吞吐量、准确度等方面具有一定的优越性。     

Impact sensitivities of energetic materials: Exploring the limitations of a model based only on structural formulas

Using a comprehensive set of drop weight impact test data (h₅₀) newly compiled from literature for 308 materials, a recent approach to predict impact sensitivities of nitro compounds is generalized to most explosive substances of interest. Compared to previous ones, this procedure is more thoroughly validated and exhibits a good predictive value. Furthermore, it yields new insight into the physical mechanisms involved, explaining for instance the unexpected desensitization of some oxygen-deficient triazoles upon nitration.     

Low cycle fatigue behavior of a eutectic 80Au/20Sn solder alloy

The eutectic 80Au/20Sn solder alloy is widely used in high power electronics and optoelectronics packaging. In this study, low cycle fatigue behavior of a eutectic 80Au/20Sn solder alloy is reported. The 80Au/20Sn solder shows a quasi-static fracture characteristic at high strain rates, and then gradually transforms from a transgranular fracture (dominated by fatigue damage) to intergranular fracture (dominated by creep damage) at low strain rates with increasing temperature. Coffin-Manson and Morrow models are proposed to evaluate the low cycle fatigue behavior of the 80Au/20Sn solder. Besides, the 80Au/20Sn solder has enhanced fatigue resistance compared to the 63Sn/37Pb solder.     

Compensation paradox: the influence of monetary rewards on user behaviour

Many e-commerce companies collect users’ personal data for marketing purposes despite privacy concerns. Information-collecting companies often offer a monetary reward to users to alleviate privacy concerns and ease the collection of personal information. This study focused on the negative effects of monetary rewards on both information privacy concerns (IPC) and information disclosure. A survey approach was used to collect data and 370 final responses were analysed using a two-way analysis of variance and a binomial logistic regression model. The results show that monetary rewards increase IPC when an information-collecting company requires sensitive information. Additional results indicate that building trust is a more effective way of collecting personal data. This study identifies how organisations can best execute information-collection activities and contributes additional insights for academia and practitioners.