基于横纵向联合控制的多目标优化车辆跟驰研究

为解决车辆在拥堵环境中因车速波动较大所带来的跟驰平稳性较差、跟踪无效或不安全等问题,提出了基于车辆模型和深度强化学习的多目标优化跟驰方案。首先基于车辆横纵向动力学建立车辆跟驰模型,然后根据车间距误差、速度误差、横向偏差及相对偏航角等,利用深度确定性策略梯度算法得到跟驰车的加速度和转向角,以更平稳安全地控制跟驰车辆。经NGSIM公开驾驶数据集进行测试与验证,该方案可有效地提升跟驰车辆的稳定、舒适与安全性,对保证交通安全和提升道路通行能力具有重要意义。     

基于人类视觉模型的各向异性扩散滤波方法

针对各向异性扩散模型中扩散系数的梯度阈值确定问题进行了研究,提出了一种基于人类视觉模型的各向异性扩散滤波器。首先在PM方程的基础上研究了各向异性扩散系数中梯度阈值的取值问题。根据仿生学原理,分析了韦伯比曲线,将图像根据背景亮度划分为不同的区域,分别采用不同的公式计算梯度阈值。然后讨论了改进后算法在8邻域内的离散实现问题。仿真结果表明,与传统的恒常梯度阈值扩散模型相比,改进后的算法在有效保留图像重要信息的同时对噪声的抑制效果更为理想。     

温度梯度机理下激光参数对激光成形的影响

以纯铝板和低碳钢板为主要研究对象，对温度梯度机理下激光输入功率、扫描速度、离焦量以及扫描次数等参数与成形弯曲角之间的关系进行了试验研究，深入分析了温度梯度机理下影响成形的主要因素。     

一种新的基于梯度方向直方图的图像配准方法*

构建了一种新的局部梯度方向直方图,同时定义了特征点的主方向,从而提出了一种具有旋转不变性的图像配准算法.首先采用高斯加权求模技术对特征点邻域内的像素的梯度作直方图统计,确定出具有旋转不变性和抗噪性的特征点主方向;然后用主方向作角度直方图统计,确定待配准图像之间的旋转角度.根据得到的特征点信息及旋转角度定义了特征点对互信息匹配准则,这样使得新配准算法对于图像间旋转角度的范围没有限制,获得了良好的配准效果.     

特低渗透油藏启动压力梯度研究

针对单相和油水两相流体启动压力梯度的产生机理和对渗流规律的影响问题,通过稳态"压差-流量"测定启动压力梯度法,分别用模拟油、地层水、注入水和蒸馏水对我国某油田119块典型特低渗岩芯进行驱替实验,得到了单相和油水两相渗流的启动压力梯度值,分析了启动压力梯度的变化规律.物理模拟和理论研究都表明,不同渗流介质测得的启动压力梯度与渗透率均成幂函数关系,并且幂指数近似为-1.同时,由于毛管力和贾敏效应作用,油水两相启动压力梯度远远大于单相渗流的启动压力梯度.结合油田实际,说明了启动压力梯度在特低渗透油气藏开发中的应用.     

润滑耐磨梯度材料(LGM)辊环与离子渗硫处理的轧辊

在钴基碳化钨硬质合金基体上研制了一种润滑耐磨梯度材料LGM硬质合金及制造工艺，已成功应用于高速线材轧机的辊环。通过XRD和AES分析了梯度材料中硫化物、氧化物的组成和浓度分布．介绍了经低温离子渗硫处理的冷硬铸铁及冷硬合金铸铁轧辊。实践证明，梯度材料LGM辊环与离子渗硫后的铸铁轧辊使用寿命分别提高50％和100％。分析表明LGM辊环中硫化物、氧化物在高温下具有良好的润滑耐磨性能，减少了辊环表面微裂纹产生。     

定向凝固AZ31镁合金晶粒取向及力学性能研究

采用自行设计的定向凝固装置制备了AZ31镁合金铸件,通过金相观察、XRD分析和室温压缩试验,研究定向凝固工艺对AZ31镁合金晶粒取向和常温力学性能的影响。结果表明:定向凝固制备的AZ31镁合金铸件具有柱状晶组织,第二相呈球状弥散分布于晶粒内部。由于温度梯度的影响,晶体规律性地定向生长,呈现较明显的[1010]择优取向。该铸件在常温力学性能和塑性成形性能上表现出各向异性的特点。     

Effects of temperature and blank holding force on biaxial forming behavior of aluminum sheet alloys

Biaxial forming behavior is investigated for three aluminum sheet alloys (Al 5182 containing 1% Mn (5182+Mn), Al 5754, and 6111-T4) using a heated die and punch in the warm forming temperature range of 200–350 °C. It is found that, while all three alloys exhibit significant improvement in their formability compared with that at room temperature, the non-heat-treatable alloys 5182 + Mn and 5754 give higher part depths than that of heat-treatable 6111-T4. The formability generally increases with decreasing BHP (BHP), but increasing the forming temperature and/or BHP minimizes the wrinkling tendency and improves the forming performance. The stretchability of the sheet alloys increase with increasing temperature and increasing BHP. For the alloys and forming conditions involved in the current study, the formability, measured in terms of part depth, comes mainly from the drawing of metal into the die cavity, although stretching effects do influence the overall forming behavior. The optimum formability is achieved by setting the die temperature 50 °C higher than the punch temperature to enhance the drawing component. Setting the die temperature higher than the punch temperature also improves the strain distribution in a part in such a manner that postpones necking and fracture by altering the location of greatest thinning.     

Al-18%Si合金在梯度强磁场中凝固时初生硅的行为

研究了Al-18%Si合金在10 T梯度强磁场下加热至半固态和全熔态后的凝固过程,观察了初生硅的分布和形态,测定了其冷却曲线.结果表明:在磁场的磁感应强度和磁场梯度的乘积Bz·dBz/dz为正时,初生硅向上部聚集;而在Bz·dBz/dz为负时,初生硅向下部聚集;在强磁场下,加热至全熔态冷却下来的凝固组织中初晶硅的形态发生了明显的改变,由板片状转变为块状,初晶硅显著细化.对强磁场细化初晶硅的机制进行了探讨.     

Investigation on gradient material fabrication with electron beam melting based on scanning track control

A new electron beam control system was developed in a general vacuum electron beam machine by assembling with industrial control computer, programmable logic control （PLC）, deflection coil, data acquisition card, power amplifier, etc. In this control system, scanning track and energy distribution of electron beam could be edited off-line, real-time adjusted and controlled on-line. Ti-Mo gradient material （GM） with high temperature resistant was fabricated using the technology of electron beam melting. The melting processes include three steps, such as preheating, melting, and homogenizing. The results show that the GM prepared by melting technology has fine appearance, and it has good integrated interface with the Ti alloy. Mo and Ti elements are gradually distributed in the inter.face of the gradient material. The microstructure close to the Ti alloy base metal is α ＋ β basket-waver grain, and the microstructure close to the GM is a single phase of β solid solution.