Total Travel Cost in Stochastic Assignment Models

Deterministic assignment models are sometimes used to approximate properties of more complex stochastic models. One property that is of particular interest from a system optimization viewpoint is total travel cost. This paper looks at the approximation of mean total travel cost. It is shown that deterministic models will underestimate this quantity in many common situations. Furthermore, discrepancies between total travel cost under the different modelling frameworks can lead to situations in which network modifications which are detrimental according to a stochastic model appear beneficial when using the natural deterministic approximation. We conclude that estimation of mean travel cost in stochastic assignment is often best done using simulation. Some suggestions are made regarding the implementation of traffic assignment simulation.     

A comparative study of exchange and aggregation models in the B2B e-marketplace

This research seeks to provide an economic framework for understanding two major forms of e-marketplaces: aggregation-oriented vs. exchange-oriented e-marketplaces. By analyzing the marginal benefit per transaction in alternative models, we are able to determine the most suitable B2B e-marketplace for a wide variety of product categories, market conditions, and procurement methods. For example, when companies sell commodities in a fragmented market, the aggregation model is suitable for spot purchasing, and the exchange model works best for systematic purchasing. In addition, the effect of supplier consolidation and information technology-enabled cost reduction on model selection is discussed.     

我国功率型LED产业化关键技术

本文介绍了我国功率型LED产业链三个阶段的关键技术。     

无线环境下一种新的证书状态查询方案

分析有线环境现有证书状态查询方案的基础上,提出了一种对传统的 O C S P进行了改进的方案-用户端部分缓存的ocsp方案,并将其与其他证书状态查询方案进行了比较。该方案借鉴了哈希链的思想,具有很高的安全性,可以有效减少用户端及服务器端的运算量,降低带宽负荷,适合用作无线环境下的证书状态查询方案。     

用广义上界算法解大型供应链问题

信息技术和生产率的发展以及全球经济一体化的发展趋势，使供应链成为全世界管理科学的热点.本文在阐述供应链基本数学模型的基础上，系统论述了用改进的广义上界(GUB)算法求解大型供应链问题的计算方法．     

基于马尔可夫决策过程的电动汽车充电行为分析

针对电动汽车充电行为不确定性问题,建立了基于出行链理论的电动汽车出行及电池电量变化模型,提出了引入马尔可夫决策过程（Markov decision processes, MDP）的电动汽车用户充电行为分析方法。该方法将用户充电行为作为马尔可夫决策集,根据车辆在各区域间的转移概率构造状态转移矩阵,设置用户满意度指标作为决策过程报酬函数,通过求解有限阶段总报酬准则得到电动汽车用户在每个决策点处的最优充电决策。算例部分根据抽取电动汽车特征量数据进行马尔可夫决策过程仿真,得出充电负荷的时间与空间分布情况,通过与传统蒙特卡洛方法进行对比表明该文所提方法可以较好地模拟用户整个出行过程中的充电行为,反映充电需求的时空分布特点;同时,分析了不同区域、不同停车时长情况下电动汽车的不同充电行为,能够为电动汽车充电桩的规划建设提供参考。     

悬挂对飞行器静稳定性影响的分析论证

静稳定性与飞行器设计及飞行品质有密切关系。用建模的思想,把复杂的实际系统合理简化,在理论上论证了悬挂稳定的可行性,研究了稳定效果与影响因素之间的关系,并提出了设计改进方案,作为进一步实验论证的理论依据。     

基于价值链的奶粉供应链系统描述与存在问题分析

近年来乳品行业竞争升级,企业竞争更是紧迫,乳制品市场所承受的压力越来越大.如何优化乳制品供应链,降低乳制品的成本就成为迫切需要解决的问题.本文在对某乳业集团的奶粉供应链进行调研的基础上,利用价值增值的分析方法找出对供应链成本影响较大的、没有附加价值的活动,并进一步提出整合优化这些活动的措施,达到降低整个供应链成本的目的.     

Hierarchical Spatially Varying Coefficient Process Model

The spatially varying coefficient process model is a nonstationary approach to explaining spatial heterogen-eity by allowing coefficients to vary across space. In this article, we develop a methodology for generalizing this model to accommodate geographically hierarchical data. This article considers two-level hierarchical structures and allow for the coefficients of both low-level and high-level units to vary over space. We assume that the spatially varying low-level coefficients follow the multivariate Gaussian process, and the spatially varying high-level coefficients follow the multivariate simultaneous autoregressive model that we develop by extending the standard simultaneous autoregressive model to incorporate multivariate data. We apply the proposed model to transaction data of houses sold in 2014 in a part of the city of Los Angeles. The results show that the proposed model predicts housing prices and fits the data effectively.     

制造型企业采购-供应协调管理策略研究

对制造企业如何与供应商建立协调管理的机制进行了探讨,分析了单点接触的交易式采购—供应关系与多点接触的合作型采购供应关系的不同特点,剖析了目前我国制造企业采购管理存在的主要问题,指出我国企业采购—供应协调管理的薄弱环节是内部管理、关系管理、信息共享和运作设计四个方面,根据这四个方面的改善要求,构建了一个多点接触的合作型采购—供应协作策略四阶段模型,最后以一个公司的采购—供应管理作为例子,探讨了优化采购—供应协作管理的策略。