Dissociation of Temporal Dynamics of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Responses Elicited by Conditioned Fear but Not Acoustic Startle.

Fear-inducing stimuli were hypothesized to elicit fast heart rate (HR) responses but slow mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) responses and thus were studied in auditory fear conditioning and acoustic startle at high temporal resolution in freely moving mice and rats. Fear-induced instantaneous acceleration of HR reaching maximum physiological values and subsequent recovery to baseline were observed. The MAP response consisted of an immediate, mild, and transient increase followed by a sluggish, profound elevation and slow recovery. HR and MAP responses served as reliable indicators of conditioned fear in mice with dissociated temporal dynamics. Unconditioned auditory stimuli, including acoustic startle stimuli, elicited only fast, mild, and transient MAP and HR elevations in mice and rats, reflecting arousal and attention under these experimental conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Finding groups using model-based cluster analysis: Heterogeneous emotional self-regulatory processes and heavy alcohol use risk.

Model-based cluster analysis is a new clustering procedure to investigate population heterogeneity utilizing finite mixture multivariate normal densities. It is an inferentially based, statistically principled procedure that allows comparison of nonnested models using the Bayesian information criterion to compare multiple models and identify the optimum number of clusters. The current study clustered 36 young men and women on the basis of their baseline heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV), chronic alcohol use, and reasons for drinking. Two cluster groups were identified and labeled the high alcohol risk and normative groups. Compared to the normative group, individuals in the high alcohol risk group had higher levels of alcohol use and more strongly endorsed disinhibition and suppression reasons for use. The high alcohol risk group showed significant HRV changes in response to positive and negative emotional and appetitive picture cues, compared to neutral cues. In contrast, the normative group showed a significant HRV change only to negative cues. Findings suggest that individuals with autonomic self-regulatory difficulties may be more susceptible to heavy alcohol use and use of alcohol for emotional regulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The accuracy of one-dimensional systematic sampling

Sampling designs with equally spaced measurements along a temporal or spatial axis (one-dimensional systematic sampling) are widely used in stereology (volume estimation from serial sections, linear integration), for Monte Carlo integration, in forest research (line sampling), in time-series analysis and in demographic studies. An unbiased estimate of the integral of a function f(x) in an interval [0, h] is obtained from a discrete number of values of f(x) at arguments separated by a constant distance d, provided that one of the arguments is selected with uniform probability within an interval of length d. In this paper the accuracy of one-dimensional random systematic sampling is explored. The relative mean square error of the estimate, CE²(Â), is determined for six geometrical models of f(x) directly by integration (which leads to explicit results) or indirectly via a Fourier transformation of f(x) (which leads to results in form of series expansions). Some CE²s thus obtained depend only on n=[m] and p=m-[m], the integer and decimal part of the real number m=h/d. These non-elementary expressions have recently been denoted as np-functions (Mattfeldt, 1987). In practical studies lack of independent replications in systematic sampling often precludes the unbiased estimation of CE(Â). Short-cut estimators were based on treatment of the systematic sample as a simple random sample, on the empirical autocorrelation, on various differences between the elements, on interpenetrating subsamples, and on the theory of regionalized variables. More involved methods which usually require a computer rely on Monte Carlo simulation, regression of log CE on log m, Fourier analysis, the Euler-MacLaurin theorem, and methods of time-series analysis. In an empirical study the absolute volumes of ten rat hearts were estimated from sets of systematic slices. Acceptable estimates of CE(Â) were obtained with the short-cut estimators based on the theory of regionalized variables, by Monte Carlo methods, and with regression of log CE on log m.     

智能型心肺复苏机

电脑控制的心肺复苏机，具有抢救迅速、定位准确、按压适度、任意选择和能调节按压深度、按压频率、充气量及连续使用等特点，从而减轻了医护人员的劳动强度，提高了心肺复苏成功率．     

医学影象设备用25mm硒砷碲摄象管GS8812及其在心血管造影设备中的应用

硒砷碲摄象管又叫Saticon,是一种广播用高性能摄象管,因其灵敏度和分解力高,也广泛用于各种医学影象设备中,本文介绍广播研究所研制并实用化的医学影象设备用硒砷碲摄象管GS8812的原理、特性及应用情况。做为一个应用的例证,文中列举了GS8812在阜外医院进口西门子Angioscop A33心血管X射线造影设备中的临床试用结果,使用GS8812所做的70例病人的209个体位的数字减影样片与采用进口的德国Heimann公司的硒砷碲摄象管的70例病人的216个体位样片质量毫无差异,有关专家教授们认为,GS8812已达到国际同类产品水平,完全可以取代国外进口的同类管,在各类医学影象设备中使用。     

心脏电活动的计算机仿真模型研究：模型的构造与实现原理

心电场仿真是心电理论研究的前沿课题之一。本文讨论首次在IBM—PC微机上实现的一个完整的心电场仿真模型。应用该模型进行的仿真研究表明,它具有仿真速度快、使用方便和易于推广应用的优点。     

Beyond Medical Risk: Investigating the Psychological Factors Underlying Women's Perceptions of Susceptibility to Breast Cancer, Heart Disease, and Osteoporosis.

The relationships of epidemiological (objective) risk indices, perceived disease characteristics, and cognitive heuristics to women's perceived susceptibility to breast cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis in a community sample of 312 women ages 40-86 were examined. Epidemiological indices accounted for a small to moderate proportion of the variance in perceived susceptibility. Psychological factors (perceived similarity to women who contract the target disease and perceived disease prevalence) predicted perceived susceptibility above and beyond medical risk factors. Opposite to actual risk, age correlated negatively with perceived susceptibility to all 3 diseases. Exploratory analyses suggested that perceived similarity, perceived prevalence, and absent/exempt beliefs might mediate this relationship. Confirmatory factor analyses verified that measures of absolute and direct comparative risk assess the same underlying construct of perceived susceptibility. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Aggressiveness, family history of alcoholism, and the heart rate response to alcohol intoxication.

Some sons of male alcoholics (SOMAS) are characterized by an increased heart rate (HR) response to alcohol intoxication, which is thought to reflect increased sensitivity to alcohol-induced reward. Such a response has also been related to increased physical aggression. However, the confounding effect of aggression in SOMAS may be obscuring the interpretation of these findings. The HR response to alcohol was therefore assessed in 4 groups: high/low aggressive SOMAS and high/low aggressive non-SOMAS. Results indicate that aggressive SOMAS had the highest intoxicated HR response and that they reported the most alcohol consumption. This suggests that in some cases the high comorbidity between alcohol misuse and aggression is related to an increased sensitivity to alcohol-induced reward. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

31P-NMR spectroscopy of human blood and serum: first results from volunteers and patients with congestive heart failure,diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia

³¹P-containing metabolites in human blood, serum and erythrocytes were measured or calculated. Phosphodiesters were found in serum, but not in erythrocytes. 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate/ATP ratios were increased in patients with congestive heart failure (2,3-diphosphoglycerate by 13% in mild to moderate, 31% in severe congestive heart failure, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate/ATP ratio by 9% in mild to moderate, 38% in severe congestive heart failure); phosphodiesters were increased in diabetes mellitus (by 26%) and even more so in hyperlipidaemia (by 57%). Changes of blood³¹P compounds with disease states may have diagnostic potential and should be recognized for correction of organ spectra.     

A new method for cell culture on an electron-transparent melamine foil suitable for successive LM,TEM and SEM studies of whole cells

A new cell culture technique is described which is based on the observation that foils cast from the melamine resin hexamethylol-melamine-ether are suitable for the cultivation of beating heart muscle cells and fibroblasts of the rat. This foil can be flamed for sterilization, is about 80 nm in thickness, homogeneous and smooth, withstands dehydration and critical point-drying, can be removed from glass and permits the imaging of whole cells successively by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The method is capable of narrowing the gap between light and electron microscopy, yielding excellent whole cell preparations in various kinds of microscopic studies to be performed on one and the same cell.