强脉冲离子束材料表面改性研究进展

强脉冲离子束材料表面改性技术是正在发展中的新的材料表面改性技术。近四、五年来,我们围绕发展强脉冲离子束材料表面改性技术对其主要机制(强脉冲能量效应)、离子辐照诱发的热力学过程、表面熔坑现象及大面积均匀离子束技术开展了比较全面的基础性研究。研究表明,强脉冲离子束改性除了离子注入的元素掺杂效应外,其更可利用强脉冲能量沉积诱发的热力学效应,有望突破离子射程对改性层厚度的限制,并高效利用离子剂量和能量,成为新一代低成本、高效率、高生产率、实用化的离子束材料改性与合成工艺。本文对于上述研究的主要进展和相关问题进行了总结和评论。     

强脉冲离子束在金属中引起的应力波效应

金属在强脉冲离子束辐照及其后的快速冷却过程中所经历的应力过程是强脉冲离子束金属材料改性的最重要的机制之一。对应于这种过程，金属材料的微观结构和微硬度发生了改变。本文以45＃钢和纯铝为样品，将实验中测量到的不同强度的强脉冲辐照后样品微硬度和微观结构的变化与热力学计算所描述的热力学过程相对照，解释了出现微硬度双峰是由于应力波的形成和传播使然，并预言了由于应力波的在样品背面的反射，在较强能通量的强脉冲离子束辐照下样品背表面一定深度处也会出现微硬度增加的现象，该现象已被实验所证实。     

离子束辅助沉积立方氮化硼的试验研究

运用离子束辅助沉积(IBAD)法在硅片上制备了立方氮化硼(c—BN)薄膜，研究了辅助能量、辅助束流及辅助束中氮气含量等参数对膜中c—BN含量的影响。用红外光谱(FTIR)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析技术对得到的c—BN膜进行了分析。结果表明：合适的离子辅助能量能够获得c—BN含量高的薄膜；膜中c—BN的含量随辅助气体中N2含量的提高而增加；辅助束流对薄膜的形成影响不明显。     

铈离子注入Zr-4合金的高温氧化行为

研究铈离子注入对Zr4合金氧化性能的影响，对Zr—4合金表面注入了不同剂量的铈离子，并在500℃条件下进行了空气氧化实验。氧化曲线表明，铈离子注入能明显改善Zr—4合金的氧化性能，且注量越高，氧化性能改善的程度也越大。运用俄歇电子（AES)、X光电子（XPS)和小角掠射X光衍射技术(GAXRD)等测试方法分别分析了注入样品表层元素的深度分布、氧化膜成分及相结构，同时探讨了铈离子注入改善Zr—4合金氧化性能的机制。     

Fe-(Co6Ag94)颗粒膜磁光芯片的制备及研究

采用二分掩膜技术向溅射沉积的(Co6Ag94)薄膜中组合注入Fe离子，制备成具有不同Fe含量的16单元Fe-(Co6Ag94)颗粒膜磁光芯片。对制备态和退火态的Fe-(Co6Ag94)颗粒膜的物相进行了XRD研究。不同退火温度下，物相的演变反映出了退火过程中Co、Fe相和FeCo相纳米微晶的析出长大过程。采用原子力显微镜(AFM)对薄膜表面的研究结果表明，在退火过程中形成了嵌于基底中的纳米颗粒相。对制备态和不同温度退火后芯片各单元的磁光性能进行了测量，结果表明极向Kerr旋转角晚随着注入Fe含量的增加而增大，这可归因于颗粒膜中铁磁相的增多。在500℃以下，随着退火温度的增加，Fe-(Co6Ag94)颗粒膜的克尔磁光效应增加。对不同温度退火的样品进行穆斯堡尔谱测量，结果证明一定尺寸纳米Fe微晶颗粒的出现是磁光效应提高的主要原因之一。     

The Progress of a Microbeam Facility in the Institute of Plasma Physics

The progress of a microbeam facility in the institute of Plasma Physics was discussed in this paper.This kind of equipment can supply single-particle beam which may be implanted into cells in micrometer-radius and measured by a new outstanding detector among global microbeam systems.Measurements by some plain targets showed that the highest current after the accelerator tube can be larger than 20μA ,the H2^ current before the second bending magnet is near 0.9μA ,the current after the second bending magnet is near 0.8μA,and the current of the beam line(after a 2-mm diameter aperture)is near 0.25nA which is enough for the single-particle microbeam experiment.It took scientists 3 months to do their microbeam experiment after setting up the qccelerator beam line and get the microbeam from this equipment.Two pre0collimators were installed between the 2-mm diameter aperture and the collimator to survey the beam.Tracks on the CR39 film ectched in the solution of NaOH showed that the beam can go through the collimator including a 10μm diameter aperture and the 3.5μm thick vacuum sealing film(Mylar).A new method,which is called optimization of the beam quality,was put forward in this paper,in order to get smaller diameter of beam-spot in microbeam system.     

Modification of Boundary Parameters and Fluctuations by IBW and LHCD in the HT-7 Tokamak

Measurements of boundary parameters and their fluctuations have been performed in ohmic (OH) plasma and Ion Bernstein Wave (IBW) and Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD) enhanced confinement plasma using a pneumatically driven Langmuir probe array on HT-7 toka-maX. In the enhanced confinement plasma~ the gradients of electron density and temperature become higher and a transport barrier comes into being in the vicinity of the limiter. The boundary potential shows a clear modification in the same region. The fluctuation levels are significantly depressed and the coherences between fluctuations are reduced evidently in the enhanced plasma.Meanwhile, we obtained the spectral features and the poloidal phase velocity of fluctuations us-ing a two-point correlation technique and found obvious modifications of the turbulence and the poloidal flow. The results suggest that the improved confinement in the IBW and LHCD enhanced plasma is at least partially due to the modification of the boundary parameters and the suppression of the boundary fluctuations and fluctuation induced fluxes.     

The Experiment of Obtaining Micron Beam in the Single-Particle Microbeam Facility of the Institute of Plasma Physics

The Experiments, methods and results of obtaining micron beam in the Microbeam Facility of the Institute of Plasma Physics were discussed in this paper. The H2^ beam was accelerated by the Van de Graa/f electrostatic accelerator, and the collimator at the end of the beam line is a 60μm thick stainless steel chip. And as a result, particle tracks on the solid track probes (CR39 film) etched in the solution of NaOH showed that the beam can go through the collimator with a small aperure (2000, 300, 55, 30, or 10μm) and 3.5μm thick vacuum film(Mylar). Besides the CR39 method, the beam was measured by an energy spectrum detector after the 10μm diameter aperture and the 3.5 μm thick vacuum film too.     

脉冲电流电磁场对生物膜的非热效应分析

通过简单的生物体细胞模型,研究脉冲电磁场对生物体所产生的生物效应的机制问题。证明了高电压脉冲电流放电环境中,低强度的脉冲电磁场可引起膜内外离子的输运过程,而当脉冲电磁场足够强时,则引起细胞膜的击穿。因此高电压脉冲电流放电环境中脉冲电流电磁场分量以及电磁防护的研究是非常有必要的。     

锂离子电池新型负极材料研究

介绍了锂离子电池新型负材料Sn-Ni合金的研究，报导了采用不同的电镀液和不同的电沉积工艺制备的Sn-Ni合金。分析和测试结果表明：采用电沉积法制备的Sn-Ni合金可与Li发生可逆反应，氧化峰出现的电压低，可用作锂离子电池负极材料，用氟化物镀液及在低电流密度下制得的Sn-Ni合金电化学性能较好。但用Sn-Ni合金作为锂离子负极材料其循环性能仍有待于进一步提高。