漂洗对罗非鱼鱼糜凝胶特性的影响

针对未漂洗鱼糜凝胶强度差、凝胶易劣化等问题,以罗非鱼为原料,研究漂洗工艺对鱼糜凝胶特性的影响规律.结果显示:与未漂洗鱼糜相比,漂洗鱼糜的白度值较高,为52.95;持水率提高到91.06％;凝胶强度达到了3839.3 g·mm.未漂洗鱼糜的硬度和咀嚼性显著高于漂洗鱼糜,而黏聚性、回复性和凝胶强度则比漂洗鱼糜更佳.流变特性...     

数字化高温大曲发酵过程中微生物群落结构的变化

采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对数字化高温大曲和传统高温大曲进行微生物群落多样性解析;同时根据微生物物种信息和理化特性进行相关性分析和生物信息学分析。结果表明,两种高温大曲在发酵过程中微生物群落结构均有显著变化。发酵结束时,两种高温大曲的细菌都以克罗彭斯特菌属（Kroppenstedtia）、糖多孢菌属（Saccharopolyspora）、芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、魏斯氏菌属（Weissella）和乳酸杆菌属（Lactobacillus）为主要优势菌属,真菌以嗜热子囊菌属（Thermoascus）、嗜热真菌属（Thermomyces）和曲霉菌属（Aspergillus）为主。非度量多维尺度分析和层级聚类分析结果表明,相同时间时两种大曲的微生物组成大体相似。     

酱鸭强化高温风干成熟工艺优化

以麻鸭为试验原料,通过酱腌风干成熟制作风干酱鸭,分析加工过程中脂肪氧合酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）酶活、硫代巴比妥酸（thiobarbiturie acid reactive substance,TBARS）反应底物值和过氧化值（peroxide value,POV）,研究强化高温风干处理对酱鸭加工过程中脂质...     

维纶基牛奶蛋白纤维的显微结构、燃烧性状和溶解性的初探

在观察了维纶基牛奶蛋白纤维显微结构和燃烧性状后,研究其在常用化学试剂中的溶解性。试验结果表明,维纶基牛奶蛋白纤维在88％甲酸和浓硝酸中能够部分溶解;在沸腾水浴中,维纶基牛奶蛋白纤维能够完全溶解于75％硫酸和浓硫酸,不溶于2．5％氢氧化钠溶液。     

武陵酱香型白酒工艺创新——控制酱香大曲酒前3轮次出酒率工艺研究(Ⅱ)

对酱香白酒生产过程高粱粉碎率、酱香大曲粉碎率、原料配比、堆积发酵等工艺进行创新和优化,可有效控制酱香大曲酒前3轮次酒的出酒率;改善前3轮次酒的口感;提高第4～第6轮次优质酒出酒率5％～6％,提高整个轮次酒出酒率1％～2％。     

腐殖酸钠抑制氧化铝熟料溶出二次反应机理初探

在烧结法熟料溶出过程中添加腐殖酸钠,一定程度上能抑制二次反应的发生,当添加量为熟料的0.43%时,熟料中氧化铝和苛碱的溶出率比空白样分别高出3.87%和4.51%。通过对赤泥红外光谱测定和熟料溶出液SiO2和Ca2+的浓度分析,初步探讨了腐殖酸钠抑制二次反应的机理。试验结果表明,腐殖酸钠的多基团大分子附着在硅酸二钙分子的表面上,使其不与溶液接触而避免二次反应的发生;同时,腐殖酸钠进入溶液解离出阴离子与Ca2+形成较稳定的沉淀,减少了溶液中游离Ca2+的数量,阻止水合铝硅酸钙的生成,从而降低铝酸钠的损失。     

Quantitative and temporal analysis of effects of twospotted spider mite (acari: Tetranychidae) female sex pheromone on male guarding behavior

Responses of male twospotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae (Koch), to female sex pheromone were described by a glass slide bioassay and computerized pathway digitizer. Pheromone was extracted from quiescent deutonymphs and fractionated by HPLC, and responses of guarding males to each fraction, all fractions combined, unfractionated extract, and a hexane control were bioassayed for 6 min. Mean angular velocities, linear velocities, percent time stationary, and distance from the 3-mm-diameter treatment circle were calculated for each mite at 20-sec intervals and these behavioral parameters regressed on time. Analysis of variance of regression-equation intercepts showed that no differences in initial male angular velocities were observed among treatments, but initial linear velocities were greater in response to all fractions combined and to extract than to individual fractions, and greater in response to individual fractions than to the control. Angular velocities decreased and linear velocities increased more rapidly in response to individual fractions than to all fractions combined and extract, while males turned preferentially in one direction and were stationary (no displacement) more often in response to all-fraction combinations than to individual fractions and the control. Significant differences were observed among the parameter values elicited by individual fractions, suggesting that active fractions differed qualitatively. The described changes in movement parameters show that maleT. urticae response to presence of pheromone occurs almost immediately, and that multiple pheromonal components are necessary to elicit maximum male response. The overall effect of pheromonal components was to decrease the rate at which males moved away from the treatment cycle, thereby causing male arrestment.     

Floral-like microarchitectures of cobalt iron cyclotetraphosphate obtained by solid state synthesis

Floral-like microparticle of a binary cobalt iron cyclotetraphosphate CoFeP₄O₁₂ was synthesized through solid phase reaction using cobalt carbonate, iron metal and phosphoric acid with further calcinations at the temperature of 500 °C. The XRD and FTIR results indicate that the prepared CoFeP₄O₁₂ has a pure monoclinic phase without the presence of any phase impurities. The floral-like microparticle and superparamagnetic behavior of the synthesized CoFeP₄O₁₂ are important properties for specific applications, which were revealed by SEM and VSM techniques, respectively. The dominant features of the synthesized CoFeP₄O₁₂ in this work are compared with M₂P₄O₁₂ (M = Co and Fe) and CoFeP₄O₁₂ reported in our previous works.     

High-temperature oxidation of a rapidly solidified amorphous Ta-Ir alloy

The oxidation products formed at 500 and 700°C on an amorphous Ta-44.5 at% Ir alloy in an Ar-0.1% O₂ gas mixture were characterized using SEM, XRD, EPMA, TEM, STEM, AES, and XPS. Initially, a thin (3–4 nm) layer of Ta₂O₅ formed at the surface of the alloy. Continued growth of the Ta₂O₅, which occurred very rapidly, involved diffusion of oxygen anions from the Ta₂O₅/gas interface to the alloy/Ta₂O₅ interface, where tantalum was selectively oxidized. Because the oxide grew more quickly than iridium could diffuse back into the alloy, the iridium coalesced into platelets of crystalline iridium-rich alloy that were oriented approximately parallel to the oxide/alloy interface, and which became embedded in a matrix of Ta₂O₅. The unoxidized core remained in the glassy state. The oxidation process and/or the dissolution of oxygen into the unoxidized alloy caused the alloy to become embrittled.     

气压烧结——一种大有前途的氮化硅陶瓷制备方法

介绍了气压烧结氮化硅陶瓷的研究开发成果 ,论述了气压烧结的生产工艺及其显微结构与力学性能 ,并与传统的生产方法进行了对比。气压烧结制备的氮化硅陶瓷可形成原位增韧结构 ,具有高韧性、高强度和好的耐磨性。并可直接制取接近最终形状的各种复杂形状制品 ,从而可大幅度降低生产成本和加工费用 ,适用于大规模生产