Analytical investigation of access holes in load-bearing diaphragms of steel box girders

This paper presents a series of parametric studies on the effect of access holes on the strength of the load-bearing diaphragms in steel box girder bridges. These parameters include the number of bearings, initial imperfections, the size and location of access holes, and the size of stiffeners around the openings. The load-bearing diaphragms were modeled using three-dimensional finite element analyses for material and geometric nonlinearities. It was found that the opening can be made large enough for practical purposes in order to provide convenient access to the inside of the box girder with no significant reduction in the ultimate strength of the load-bearing diaphragm. The location of the access hole has no detrimental effect on the diaphragm strength.     

A New Boundary Element for Plane Elastic Problems Involving Cracks and Holes

By applying the new boundary integral formulation proposed recently by Chau and Wang (1997) for two-dimensional elastic bodies containing cracks and holes, a new boundary element method for calculating the interaction between cracks and holes is presented in this paper. Singular interpolation functions of order r^-1/2 (where r is the distance measured from the crack tip) are introduced for the discretization of the crack near the crack tips, such that stress singularity can be modeled appropriately. A nice feature for our implementation is that singular integrands involved at the element level are integrated analytically. For each of the hole boundaries, an additional unknown constant is introduced such that the displacement compatibility condition can be satisfied exactly by the complex boundary function H(t), which is a combination of the traction and displacement density. Another nice feature of the present formulation is that the stress intensity factors (both K_{_I} and K_{_II}) at crack tips are expressed in terms of the nodal unknown of H(t) exactly, and no extrapolation of numerical data is required. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present boundary element method, various crack problems are considered: (i) the Griffith crack problem, (ii) the interaction problem between a circular hole and a straight crack subject to both far field tension and compression, and (iii) the interaction problem between a circular hole and a kinked crack subject to far field uniaxial tension. Excellent agreement with existing results is observed for the first two problems and also for the last problem if the crack-hole interaction is negligible. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

蜂窝钎焊后堵孔的电火花补加工工艺研究

对蜂窝焊后形成的堵孔进行电火花补加工工艺研究。通过选取合适的工艺方法,对设备进行了改造,制定了正确的工艺流程,并对各参数进行了试验,最终满足零件的加工要求。     

锆合金表面磁控溅射与多弧离子镀Cr涂层的高温抗氧化性能

为了研究磁控溅射(MS)和多弧离子镀(MAIP)技术制备Cr涂层的高温抗氧化性能,分别在锆合金表面制备厚度约5μm的Cr涂层。利用氧化动力学曲线对比研究800℃条件下涂层的高温抗氧化性能,利用SEM、XRD、EDS分析涂层表面形貌和相结构。结果表明:磁控溅射和多弧离子镀Cr涂层均能显著提高锆合金的高温抗氧化性能;磁控溅射Cr涂层表面光滑、致密,但涂层表面存在一定数量的孔洞,占涂层表面积0.40%,氧化7 h后涂层表面出现裂纹,单位面积氧化增重6.434 mg/cm2;与磁控溅射Cr涂层相比,多弧离子镀Cr涂层不再有(211)单一择优取向,Cr涂层厚度均匀,表面平整,膜/基界面分明,孔洞相对较少,占涂层表面积0.21%,氧化7 h后涂层表面依然致密,单位面积氧化增重5.616 mg/cm2,高温抗氧化性能优于磁控溅射Cr涂层。     

基于UG CAM的电视机前壳喇叭网铜电极的数控加工

分析了电视机前壳喇叭网铜电极的数控加工工艺,制定了基于UG CAM的数控加工工艺方案,并介绍了UG CAM数控孔群加工的基本流程和方法,提出了UG CAM孔群加工的优化方法,运用UGCAM的制造模块进行数控编程,获得了加工程序的三维刀具轨迹及最终的三维模拟效果图。     

含孔复合材料层合板的结构参数对其屈曲性能的影响

利用ABAQUS软件,建立了含孔复合材料层合板的有限元模型,在层合板四边简支,承受轴向压力载荷作用下,分析讨论了孔径/板宽比、铺层比例、铺层角度、材料性能等结构参数对层合板的线性屈曲的影响。结果表明,孔径/板宽比d/w越大,屈曲载荷越小,当d/w≤0.1时,可认为是小孔洞情况,可近似按无限大层合板处理;90°铺层(与载荷受力方向一致)比例越大,或0°铺层(与载荷受力方向垂直)比例越小,屈曲载荷越大,增加±45°铺层比例,有利于降低层合板各向异性程度;对于斜交对称铺层的层合板,铺层角度对其屈曲载荷影响很大,最大值与最小值相差13.05N;材料主方向结构性能参数差别较大时,屈曲载荷也相差较大,材料的结构性能参数对屈曲承载力具有明显的影响。     

基于逆向工程的孔浮动位置度公差建模和配准

在应用逆向工程技术对零件孔浮动位置度误差的检测中,提出一种孔位置度公差边界模板与被测孔的配准算法。根据位置度公差的平面浮动特点,将被测孔与孔公差边界模板向基准平面投影,建立被测孔的平面影响区域、区域中心以及边界模板中各孔中心线在基准平面的投影。定义了模板孔投影中心到被测孔影响区域中心的距离测度和相应的权重系数。结合对应点的加权利弗博格—马夸特迭代计算,实现了孔位置度公差边界模板与被测孔的合理配准。通过实例验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

孔洞-裂隙组合型缺陷砂岩力学特性试验研究

为研究含预制孔洞-裂隙组合型缺陷砂岩的力学特性,在板状砂岩试样内预制了圆孔和裂隙组合型缺陷,通过室内单轴压缩试验,研究了裂隙倾角α和裂隙长度b对砂岩强度特征、变形特征及破裂演化过程的影响规律。试验结果表明:与完整砂岩相比,含组合型缺陷砂岩的承载能力发生明显的劣化,且劣化幅度与预制缺陷几何形态密切相关;随裂隙倾角α的增大,试样的峰值强度、平均模量和割线模量均表现为逐渐减小的趋势;裂隙倾角为45°时,随着裂隙长度b的增大,试样的峰值强度、峰值应变、平均模量和割线模量均逐渐减小;含组合型缺陷砂岩的起裂形式与裂隙倾角α有关,裂隙倾角在0°~60°时,初始破坏均表现为预制裂隙尖端的拉伸裂纹破坏,而裂隙倾角为90°时,试样的初始破坏表现为圆孔孔壁片帮破坏。     

L型注浆钻孔钻具组合及工艺研究

通过对钻杆、螺杆钻具、加重钻杆、钻头等钻具的组合配置研究,结合L型注浆钻孔的技术要求,选取科学合理的钻压、钻速、泵量等钻进参数,总结出了L型注浆钻孔施工时的最佳钻具组合配置方案,而且,对L型孔进行分段组合配置,经过信湖煤矿L型孔井下水平巷道地面预注浆加固工程的施工,取得了良好的社会经济效益。     

煤矿岩巷束状孔掏槽爆破掘进试验研究

国内煤矿井下岩巷掘进以传统钻爆法施工为主,其效率低,难以适应煤矿强化开采的需要,研究提高钻爆法的掘进效率对于煤矿生产具有重要意义。影响掘进效率的关键因素是炮眼深度和掏槽爆破效果,本文从增加炮眼深度和改善掏槽效果的角度出发,设计采用束状中深孔掏槽方式,在发挥中深孔掏槽优势的同时,利用束状孔最优埋深条件下的当量球形漏斗,实现炮孔的充分利用,改善掏槽效果,从而提高掘进循环进尺和效率。试验表明,与传统浅孔楔形掏槽相比,束状中深孔掏槽爆破掘进每炮循环进尺提高了45%,效果显著。