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991.
Narayana BirakayalaEdward A Evans 《Carbon》2002,40(5):675-683
Carbon-carbon composites are produced by chemical vapor deposition/chemical vapor infiltration (CVD/CVI) processes. Models of carbon-carbon composite production processes will help reduce production costs. Reliable process models must, however, include details of the gas phase kinetics in order to identify optimal conditions. We have combined detailed gas phase kinetics, surface kinetics, and a pore closure model to predict pore geometry changes with respect to time. To determine the dominant gas phase kinetics, we reduced a large set of reactions to a minimal set using a sensitivity, rate, and dimensional analysis approach. These robust and relatively fast techniques can be used under a variety of conditions, including those within the pores of the composite. The process model shows that the deposition profile depends on the kinetic model chosen. Using the more realistic reaction model, conditions for uniform, or inside-out, densification can be suggested. 相似文献
992.
Three-dimensionally ordered long-range macroporous carbon structures were prepared using commercially available phenolic resin
by utilizing sacrificial colloidal silica crystalline arrays as templates that were subsequently removed by HF etching after
pyrolysis in an argon atmosphere. SEM, TEM, and BET were employed to characterize the morphology and the surface area of the
porous carbon structures. The pore size (150–1000 nm) and BET surface area, which reflect pore volume (298.6 m2/g (1.32 cm3/g) ∼ 93.7 m2/g (0.12 cm3/g)), of the macroporous carbon structures produced were approximately proportional to the size (150–1000 nm) of the sacrificial
silica sphere templates used (annealing temp. 550°C). The achieved 550 nm porous carbon structures were examined to function
as potential catalyst carriers and were successfully impregnated with Ag or Pt-Ru on their inner walls after borohydride reduction
at room temperature. In addition, porous carbon patterns were fabricated using the ‘micromolding in capillary’ technique,
which has potential applications in the microreaction technology. 相似文献
993.
994.
Quang T. Nguyen 《Polymer》2007,48(23):6923-6933
An environmentally benign process, which uses supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) as a processing aid, is developed in this work to help exfoliate and disperse nanoclay into the polymer matrices. The process relies on rapid expansion of the clay followed by direct injection into the extruder where the mixture is dispersed into the polymer melt. Results from the mechanical properties, rheological studies, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that this method represents a significant improvement relative to direct melt blending in single or twin-screw extruders or other methods using sc-CO2. The greatest mechanical property response was a result of directly injecting pre-mixed sc-CO2 and nanoclay into the polypropylene melt during extrusion. It was observed that for concentrations as high as 6.6 wt% (limited only by present process capabilities), XRD peaks were eliminated, suggesting a high degree of exfoliation. Mechanical properties such as modulus increased by as much as 54%. The terminal region of the dynamic mechanical spectrum was similar to that of the base polymer, contrary to what is frequently reported in the literature. 相似文献
995.
996.
Alumina supported vanadia catalysts (V/Al) for selective oxidehydrogenation of ethylbenzene with CO2 were prepared by impregnation method. During preparation the effect of promoters and calcined temperature was investigated,
it was found these two items had a strong influence on the activity of V/Al catalysts. Dehydrogenation reaction with CO2 was happened in the fixed-bed reactor at 450 °C. Results showed that 15.2% ethylbenzene conversion and 99.2% styrene selectivity
were acquired when V2K/Al catalyst was used. 相似文献
997.
998.
A supercritical fluid extraction method has been applied to test the feasibility of tocopherol concentration from soybean
sludge with carbon dioxide at temperatures and pressures ranging from 35 to 70°C and 200 to 400 bar, respectively. The supercritical
solubility of the esterified soybean sludge was over 4–6 times greater than that of the original soybean sludge. By a simple
batch-type one-stage method the tocopherols in the esterified soybean sludge could be concentrated up to 40 wt%. The overall
results of the present study show that soybean sludge initially containing about 13–14 wt% tocopherols may require a countercurrent
multistage column to be highly and effectively concentrated. 相似文献
999.
Noboru Hashimoto Yasushi Sawada Takashi Bando Hiroyoshi Yoden Shigehito Deki 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(6):1282-1286
AIN powder was synthesized from aluminum polynuclear complexes. Basic aluminum chloride and basic aluminum lactate were used as the aluminum polynuclear complexes. These starting materials and glucose were dissolved in water and mixed homogeneously. AIN powder was obtained by calcining after drying and precalcining at 800°C under nitrogen gas flow. Then excess carbon was removed by firing in air. Nitridation in the system was investigated and compared with that in the alumina–carbon black system. It was found that in our reaction system nitridation began and proceeded at lower calcination temperatures above 1200°C than in the alumina–carbon black system. Using aluminum polynuclear complexes, AIN was synthesized through the nitridation of γ-alumina and produced in a very fine and sharp particle size distribution. 相似文献
1000.
Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide undergo reactive chemisorption with cesium modified Cu(110) and Cu(110)-O surfaces and via the anionic intermediate CO
2
–
(a) form a surface carbonate. The CO
2
–
(a) species was characterised by VEELS and XPS at low temperature (80 K) and the surface carbonate at 295 K. For cesium modified Cu(110) surfaces chemisorption of carbon monoxide gives rise to electron energy loss peaks (v
co) as low as 1450 cm–1 at 295 K. 相似文献