胶体晶体模板法制备有序多孔镁铝水滑石

以粒径约1 μm 的单分散三聚氰胺-甲醛微球制备得到胶体晶体模板,采用低过饱和沉淀法制备的镁铝摩尔比为2∶1的镁铝水滑石,将合成的水滑石悬浊液通过毛细效应的作用填充至胶体晶体模板间,待固化后经过煅烧去除胶体晶体模板,制备有序多孔镁铝水滑石。通过傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射分析、热重分析、差示扫描热分析、扫描电子显微镜对有序多孔镁铝水滑石的结构及形貌进行表征。结果表明,当加入体积分数为5%镁铝水滑石悬浊液时,去除模板后可得到孔径大小较为均一且排列有序的多孔镁铝水滑石。     

水滑石法制备渣油加氢催化剂

用离子交换法合成钼酸盐阴离子柱撑镍铝水滑石,并进一步合成了渣油加氢催化剂（MoO₃-NiO/Al₂O₃）。通过XPS检测发现MoO₃以单分子层存在于催化剂孔道中,其饱和分散容量为4.69μmol/m²。通过XRD分析显示中间产物水滑石结构晶形完好,且置换后晶粒尺寸有所增大。采用低温氮气吸附法研究了不同阶段产物的比表面积、孔容和孔体积的变化规律。采用固定床反应器以沙轻常压混合渣油为原料进行催化剂评价,发现水滑石法制备的催化剂较浸渍法制备的催化剂在金属脱除率、脱硫率、脱氮率和脱残炭率等方面初活性有明显提高,但活性衰减较快,寿命相对较短。     

纳米水滑石/氧化锌/氧化镁复合改性聚氯乙烯的燃烧特性

采用原位悬浮聚合制备了聚氯乙烯/纳米水滑石（PVC/HT）复合材料,并进一步与ZnO、MgO复合。采用锥形量热仪分析了PVC/HT/ZnO/MgO复合材料的燃烧特性。结果表明,HT、ZnO、MgO在PVC基体中分散良好,HT/ZnO/MgO对降低PVC燃烧过程中的热释放速率和烟雾释放速率有良好的协同作用。PVC/HT/ZnO/MgO(95/5/3/3)复合材料的最大热释放速率和最大烟雾释放速率比纯PVC降低了50 %以上,残留率明显提高。PVC/HT/ZnO/MgO复合材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度均大于PVC/ZnO/MgO复合材料。     

丙酮缩合制异佛尔酮研究进展

近年来我国丙酮产量持续增长,丙酮产能逐渐过剩,与此同时,丙酮的高附加值利用相对较少;丙酮缩合制异佛尔酮,随后生产异佛尔酮二胺、异佛尔酮异氰酸酯等能够大大提高丙酮利用的附加值.本文对目前丙酮缩合制异佛尔酮的生产路线及催化剂研究进展进行了总结,重点介绍了有工业化应用的代表性工艺及催化剂,如以碱性氢氧化物为催化剂的丙酮液相缩合法以及以镁铝水滑石为催化剂的气相缩合法;在此基础上,进一步介绍了镁铝固体碱催化剂催化效果的影响因素,并对现有异佛尔酮合成工艺方法进行了分析、比较.最后对异佛尔酮的发展前景进行了展望.     

Cerium-Based Sealing Treatment of Mg–Al Hydrotalcite Film on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

An environment-friendly cerium-based sealing treatment was developed to improve the surface integrity and corrosion resistance of Mg–Al hydrotalcite film on AZ91D magnesium alloy. The cerium dioxide was generated through three stages namely nucleation, growth and dissolution, modifying the surface of AZ91D Mg alloy, and the hydrotalcite film became integral after being treated for 30 min. The results of polarization curves showed that the anti-corrosive performance of the hydrotalcite film was enhanced by the sealing treatment. Moreover, the immersion tests and electrochemical impedance spectrum measurements also demonstrated that the sealed hydrotalcite film provided a longer-term protection of magnesium alloy from corrosion as compared to the unsealed one.     

水滑石在软质聚氯乙烯中的应用研究

研究了环氧大豆油(ESO)、亚磷酸酯(Phosphite)、β二酮(β-diketone)和水滑石(LDHs) 4种辅助稳定剂和钙锌(Ca/Zn)主稳定剂复配对聚氯乙烯（PVC）软制品的热稳定性、力学性能、烟密度等性能的影响。结果表明,与其他辅助热稳定剂相比,LDHs和Ca/Zn稳定剂复配对PVC软制品具有较好的长期热稳定性,并使PVC复合材料的烟密度有所降低。     

pH-sensitive sodium alginate/calcined hydrotalcite hybrid beads for controlled release of diclofenac sodium

Objective: The aim of this study was to prepare pH-sensitive sodium alginate/calcined hydrotalcite (SA/CHT) hybrid bead with improved the burst release effect of the drug.

Materials and methods: A series of pH-sensitive SA/CHT hybrid beads were prepared by using Ca²⁺ cross-linking in the presence of diclofenac sodium (DS) and SA. The structure and drug loading of the beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The swelling and the drug release of the fabricated beads were investigated by the pH of test medium and CHT content.

Result: The formed positively charged hydrotalcite layers were adsorbed on the negatively charged SA polymer chains through electrostatic interaction and act as inorganic cross-linkers in the three-dimensional network. Compared to pure SA beads, the incorporation of CHT enhanced the drug encapsulation efficiency, improved the swelling behaviors and slowed the drug release from the hybrid beads.

Discussion and conclusions: The electrostatic interaction between hydrotalcite and SA has restricted the movability of the SA polymer chains, and then slowed down swelling and dissolution rates in aqueous solutions. The results provided a simple method to moderate drug release and matrix degradation of the SA beads.     

Characterization of Cement Alteration Process by Transmission Electron Microscopy with High Spatial Resolution

Application tests for advanced TEM analysis techniques were carried out to study the cement alteration processes associated with water penetration at high spatial resolution. Prior to TEM analysis, we measured the changes in the penetration coefficient and determined the characteristics of the penetrating water in order to gain a fuller understanding of the overall process. These experiments revealed that the process begins with the preferential dissolution of Ca(OH)₂. After most of the Ca(OH)₂ is dissolved out, the penetration coefficient increases, while the pH value of the water decreases. It has been demonstrated that scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) techniques are quite useful for determining local structures and compositions in the cement at sub-micron meter spatial resolution. The preferential dissolution of Ca ions results in refinement of cement grains. When the Ca/Si ratio decreases to 1.05, most grains have a round shape in the sub-micron range. X-ray mapping suggests the formation of 3CaO·A1₂O₃· xSiO₂·(6-2x)H₂O (x=0-3). Ettringite has been mostly dissolved out. But Mg ions remain still in form of brucite. When Ca/Si reaches 0.91, the morphology has changed to a mixture of fibers and granules. The fibers have been identified as a mixture of Calcium Silicate Hydrate Gel and silica gel. Quantitative EDX composition analyses have demonstrated that the granules are altered products of hydrogrossular, 3CaO·A1₂O₃·2SiO₂·2H₂O, which have been predicted by previous theoretical studies. It is also been shown that hydrotalcite with Mg and Al has been also formed. The results thus obtained are in principle in accordance with the process predicted by previously proposed thermodynamic models.     

四种颜料在有机涂层中的防腐性能对比

利用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）技术,研究了浸泡在3.5%NaCl溶液中的SrCrO4环氧涂层、纳米ZnO环氧涂层、纳米缓蚀剂插层水滑石环氧涂层和ZnO/纳米水滑石复合环氧涂层的防腐性能。结果表明,纳米缓蚀剂插层水滑石涂层对Mg-Li合金的防腐效果明显高于SrCrO4环氧涂层和纳米ZnO环氧涂层,具有活性-自修复的防腐作用;而经过改性的原位生成ZnO纳米水滑石复合涂层的防腐性能更好。     

复合氧化物LaMgAlO催化剂催化酯交换合成碳酸二丙酯

采用共沉淀法制备了复合氧化物LaMgAlO催化剂,采用XRD和DTA手段对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了LaMgAlO催化剂对丙醇与碳酸二甲酯(DMC)酯交换合成碳酸二丙酯(DPC)反应的性能。实验结果表明,当复合氧化物为n(La)∶n(Mg)∶n(Al)=0.7∶3∶1(即0.7 LaMgAlO催化剂具有水滑石结构)时,在650℃下焙烧5 h制备的0.7 LaMgAlO催化剂对合成DPC的酯交换反应的活性最高;最佳的工艺条件为:反应温度90℃、n(丙醇)∶n(DMC)=3、催化剂用量3.0%(w)、反应时间6 h,在此条件下,DMC的转化率达到97.4%,DPC的选择性达到95.4%。