不同止水帷幕插入深度下基坑降水对周边环境的影响预测分析

我国沿江沿海地区地下承压水分布特征及水文地质条件复杂,该地区基坑降水对周边环境的影响预测分析是技术难题。为研究不同止水帷幕插入深度下坑外地表沉降和坑外水位降深对坑内降水的响应特征,本文以常州地铁2号线某深基坑工程为例,采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了基坑降水三维分析模型。结果表明:随着止水帷幕插入比的增大,基坑降水对周边环境的影响范围逐渐减小。定义止水帷幕插入承压含水层深度占其层厚的比值为插入比,当止水帷幕插入比小于1/2时,降水对坑外环境影响较大;当止水帷幕插入比大于3/4时,其止水效果与止水帷幕完全隔断承压含水层时接近,降水对坑外环境影响很小。研究成果为该地区地铁车站基坑止水帷幕优化设计提供良好的理论依据。     

YT01低能量多碰塑性变形研究

为研究碰撞能对金属材料多碰塑性变形的影响,在实验室用自制的凸轮机械式多碰试验机对YT01试样进行了低能量多碰试验,采用坐标网格法、SEM、金相显微镜等方法研究了不同碰撞能对试样的塑性变形率、显微组织结构的影响.实验结果表明:峰值冲击应力不变时,多冲碰撞能量越大,试样累积塑性变形量也越大;随着碰撞次数的增加,试样塑性变形率减小并趋于平缓,塑性变形终止于距冲击表面69 mm处;256 000次碰撞后,试样显微组织细化,晶粒界增多.金属材料多冲碰撞塑性变形不仅与峰值冲击碰撞应力有关,也与冲击碰撞能有关.     

桥梁对河流阻水影响的一个综合判别指标

针对桥梁对河流的阻水影响问题,基于河流能量观点提出了考虑河流能量与桥梁阻水比双因素的综合判别指标η,应用其讨论了山区河流和平原区河流修建桥梁对河流的阻水影响。结果表明:综合判别指标η可以有效地区分相同桥墩布置形式桥梁对不同类型河流的阻水影响;综合判别指标η可以指导桥墩在河流中的合理布置,有效减小桥梁对河流的阻水影响,与桥梁阻水比、单宽流量等指标在指导桥墩合理布置方面起到相同效果。该研究成果在一定程度上弥补了一般桥梁阻水比指标的不足。     

用于行星轮式耦合装置的锁止离合器动力学分析

确保纯电动行驶中快速、平稳地启动发动机,是P2构型混合动力系统的技术难点之一。行星轮耦合式混合动力系统应用锁止离合器的分离或接合,以实现行星轮装置的差速运动或同速运动,可实现混合动力不同模式间的切换。通过行星轮锁止离合器的动力学分析,以启动冲击最小化为目标,推导了纯电动行驶中启动发动机时锁止离合器的力矩计算公式。     

Groundwater impact of open cut coal mine and an assessment methodology: A case study in NSW

Large scale open cut coal mining operations have significant impacts to groundwater in surrounding areas in both active and post-mining phases. The prediction of water inflows into a surface mine excavation is one of the many components involved in mine design phase. Groundwater performance also reacts to mining activities from the operational, economic and safety implications perspective. Under NSW planning legislation, as part of the comprehensive risk assessment, a groundwater impact assessment has to be conducted for a coal project to predict and mitigate the impacts in consideration of the government requirements. In this paper, the groundwater assessment modelling of mine pits was discussed in predicting of groundwater inflows and reviewing analytical and numerical approaches. A methodology of groundwater impact assessment for an open cut mine in NSW with a three-dimensional groundwater flow model Modflow Surfact demonstrated its functions in simulating the project's impacts on the groundwater regime. The key findings with mitigations are discussed and recommended in the paper to reduce impacts on groundwater and fulfil regulation requirements in NSW.     

应用LCA分析中国典型钢铁企业的环境负荷

为得到钢材的环境负荷,基于生命周期评价方法对中国典型钢铁企业中不同流程中的各工序,系统、定量地分析评价环境负荷.采用GaBi 4.3软件提供的CML2001环境影响分类方法,将各工序的环境影响进行分类,并根据特征化因子,分析生产1 t钢材产生的环境影响.分析结果表明:长流程生产过程主要的环境影响是焦化、烧结、高炉炼铁和废钢回收环节产生的水生生态毒性、人体毒性、化石能源耗竭和矿产资源耗竭等.其中,长流程的炼钢过程对气候变化、人体毒性、水生生态毒性和固体废弃物的影响较大,分别约占该类型总环境影响值的30%,95%,50%和90%;短流程生产过程主要的环境影响为铁水和电炉炼钢过程产生的气候变化、酸化和光化学臭氧形成等.该研究结果可为钢铁企业调整两种不同流程提供一定的理论依据,有助于准确发现生产过程中各环节节能降耗、降低环境负荷的潜力所在,从而有利于钢铁企业对生产流程进行改进或优化.     

A customised approach to determining the geomorphic effectiveness of small flood events in a regulated river

The construction of dams significantly alters flow and sediment regimes with subsequent deleterious effects on the morphological and ecological character of rivers. Effective experimental floods can ameliorate the downstream geomorphic impacts of dams. The traditional view is that large floods are required to perform effective geomorphic work, and the geomorphic outcomes of small floods are often overlooked. Many river restoration frameworks do not consider small floods. Yet, there is evidence that the hydrological characteristics that ameliorate specific geomorphic impacts in a river are unique to each river, and a customised approach to setting the right mix of floods (including small experimental floods) is needed. In this study, we modify an existing flood effectiveness model developed for large floods, for determining the geomorphic effectiveness of small floods in a highly regulated Australian river. Two flood classes were added to the model (medium peak stream power and moderate total energy expenditure), and the flood power characteristics were rescaled to reflect the relative difference in the magnitude of the small floods and the magnitude of the geomorphic work performed. Using a step‐wise approach, this customised model determined the geomorphic effectiveness of small floods. The best flood for ameliorating the geomorphic impacts of flow regulation had medium to long duration (10 to 51 days), high peak unit stream power (77 to 123 Wm^?2) and moderate to large total energy expenditure (78,600 to 342,320 × 10³ J). This approach to determining flood effectiveness for small floods is applicable to other geomorphically impacted river channels downstream of dams and can be used to inform experimental flood releases for geomorphic outcomes.     

偏馈式构架反射器展开冲击特性分析

As the off-fed truss reflector is connected to the platform by a single edge and deployed rapidly through being driven by the spring, the impact influence acts obviously on both the reflector and the platform. Due to limitations of the ground test, the in-orbit deployment impact characteristics of truss reflector are difficult to obtain. Then, by taking a certain reflector as the research object, a dynamic model is established with multibody dynamic software. Based on the modified model with ground deployable tests, in-orbit deployment impact characteristics are obtained by simulation analysis. Therefore, the method for multibody dynamic modeling is suitable for truss reflector dynamic research, and the result is useful for the deployable reliability optimization.     

某工程爆破及机车振动作用下房屋响应的研究

工程爆破及震动对地表建筑物会造成一定程度的损伤.以临合高速公路为背景,对该工程隧道爆破及机车震动的强震动实时测试和分析,并对附近房屋的损伤程度进行了宏观调查,分析得出地表震动特性、震动影响范围和程度,及其对房屋结构的影响.为类似工程爆破及震动的设计及施工安全管理提供参考和依据.     

Q235钢板对平头弹抗侵彻特性研究

为分析靶体结构对其抗侵彻特性的影响,利用轻气炮进行平头杆弹正撞击单层板和等厚接触式三层板的实验,获取相关的撞击过程图片.通过撞击实验,得到这两种结构靶体的初始-剩余速度曲线以及弹道极限,撞击速度为190~450 m/s.研究靶体结构对抗侵彻特性的影响,包括靶板的失效模式和抗侵彻性能.最后,采用ABAQUS/EXPLICIT软件对杆弹撞击金属板的过程进行数值模拟研究,通过对比数值模拟和实验结果,验证了数值模拟材料模型和参数的有效性.结果表明:多层板的弹道极限高于等厚单层板,并且多层板和单层板的主要失效模式之间存在差异.对于多层板,靶板失效模式与其在靶中位置相关.