Failure load prediction of structural adhesive joints : Part 2: Experimental study

The objective of this study was to determine how the fracture of adhesive joints depends on elastic beam parameters describing the adherends and the applied loads. The basic specimen geometry was the cracked lap shear joint constructed of aluminium alloy with various adherend and bondline thicknesses. Loads were applied in different combinations of bending, tension and shear to generate a failure envelope for each adhesive and specimen geometry. It was found that crack propagation for precracked specimens occured at a critical strain energy release rate but was also a function of the G_I/G_II ratio and the bondline thickness. The experiments also showed that the loads required to propagate a crack in a precracked specimen were always lower than the loads required to break the fillet. Hence, by treating uncracked joints as being cracked, where the fictitious crack tip is assumed to coincide with the location of the fillet, a conservative estimate of the failure load is obtained.     

Adhesive bonding of stainless steel water tubing

The use of an adhesive to bond stainless steel water tubing, allowing stainless steel fittings to be employed, is considered and compared with the more conventional use of compression or capillary copper fittings together with a soft solder. Tests carried out to determine environmental effects on adhesively bonded stainless steel tubing suitable for domestic water supply, and the strengths of these joints, are described. It has been found that acrylic anaerobic adhesives are suitable for bonding tubing carrying cold water, the joints attaining superior strength to the copper-soldered ones; a reasonable degree of flexing can also be tolerated. It would appear that certain selected adhesives may also be used in joints carrying hot water.     

Effects of apitong (Dipterocarpus spp.) extractives on bond strength development and curing rate of adhesives

Emulsion polymer isocyanate ( ), polyvinyl acetate ( ) and resorcinol-formaldehyde ( ) adhesives were used to produce single lap shear specimens using resinous and non-resinous apitong (Dipterocarpus spp.) timbers. Tests showed that joints made with highly resinous apitong were about 40% weaker than similar joints made with non-resinous apitong. The resinous apitong was treated with different solvents to yield five different extractives which were characterized by infra-red analysis. Apitong extractives were then added to and adhesives and joints made with buna (Fagus crenata), a timber known to be low in extractives and easy to bond. Joints prepared using extractive-containing adhesives were generally weaker than those made with the unmodified adhesives. RF adhesives containing extractives cured more slowly than unmodified . It is thought that the acidic nature of the extractives changes the pH of the system sufficiently to affect the curing mechanism     

黄土垂直和构造节理的几何差异性及拓扑学研究

黄土节理是地下水的赋存场所和运移通道,它们使土体破碎进而影响稳定性和强度,是各类地质灾害的构造基础,准确分析其发育特点和展布规律,是理解黄土频发灾害的关键步骤。通过现场调查、数理统计和拓扑分析,对陇西地区黄土进行系统研究。结果表明:①陇西地区主要发育优势走向为NNW、NWW和NE向的构造节理,这是受区域内走滑断裂带和逆倾滑断裂带影响的结果;②构造节理优势组的产状服从高斯正态分布,倾角多为60°~80°,垂直节理的产状随机分布、离散型较强;③2种节理的平均间距均较宽,张开度属“开裂”范围,延续性中等,但垂直节理的间距分布范围更集中,构造节理的张开度相比更小;④拓扑分析显示I型节点占主导,节理延伸过程易被中断,分支比处于3以下的低水平,该方法能更简单、直观地描述连通性。研究结果可以为新构造应力场恢复、掌握黄土节理发育基本规律、节理网络数值建模等提供基础数据。     

Effects of laser heat treatment on the fracture morphologies of X80 pipeline steel welded joints by stress corrosion

The surfaces of X80 pipeline steel welded joints were processed with a CO2 laser, and the effects of laser heat treatment （LHT） on H2S stress corrosion in the National Association of Corrosion Engineers （NACE） solution were analyzed by a slow strain rate test. The fracture morphologies and chemical components of corrosive products before and after LHT were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, respectively, and the mechanism of LHT on stress corrosion cracking was discussed. Results showed that the fracture for welded joints was brittle in its original state, while it was transformed to a ductile fracture after LHT. The tendencies of hydrogen-induced corrosion were reduced, and the stress corrosion sensitivity index decreased from 35.2% to 25.3%, indicating that the stress corrosion resistance of X80 pipeline steel welded joints has been improved by LHT.     

焊接方法对10Ni5CrMoV钢接头疲劳性能的影响

针对屈服强度为785MPa级别的10Ni5CrMoV钢,分别采用焊条手工焊、气体保护焊和埋弧焊三种方法在其表面堆焊单层焊并设计成板状疲劳试样,研究三种焊接方法对10Ni5CrMoV钢接头疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:对于堆焊单层焊道试样,焊址处应力集中程度对疲劳启裂寿命起主要作用,随应力集中程度的增大,疲劳启裂寿命减小。焊条手工焊、埋弧焊和气体保护焊三种焊接方法中,气体保护焊焊趾处应力集中程度最大,疲劳启裂寿命最低;焊条手工焊焊趾处应力集中程度最小,疲劳启裂寿命最高。     

Fixed-point DSP implementation of nonlinear controller for large gap electromagnetic suspension system

Electromagnetic suspension systems are inherently nonlinear and often face hardware limitation when digitally controlled. The main contributions of this paper are: the design of a nonlinear H_∞ controller, including dynamic weighting functions, applied to a large gap electromagnetic suspension system and the presentation of a procedure to implement this controller on a fixed-point DSP, through a methodology able to translate a floating-point algorithm into a fixed-point algorithm by using l_∞ norm minimization due to conversion error. Experimental results are also presented, in which the performance of the nonlinear controller is evaluated specifically in the initial suspension phase.     

Keyboard design through physiological strain measurements

The physiologically tolerable range of positions for the joints of the upper extremities have been investigated for typing tasks by recording the myoelectric activities of the involved muscles. For long-term typing tasks a split keyboard is recommended allocating a key field to each hand. The fields should be rotated against each other in the horizontal plane and inclined laterally.     

不规则基坑中地下连续墙围护结构的空间变形分析

把不规则形状基坑中的两侧铰接地下连续墙支护结构体系作为研究对象,考虑变形的空间因素,建立合理的简化模型支护体系的能量计算式,利用最小势能原理,推导出其侧向变形的解析计算公式,并分析了主要参数对位移的影响。工程实例验证该方法是可行的。     

Probability of the critical state of glue joints of a shallow laminated shell with random irregularities

Relations have been obtained for the determination of the probability of the dangerous (critical) state of the glue joints of a shallow laminated shell in the case of the presence of initial irregularities of the elastic plies with known probabilistic characteristics. An example of calculation of the probability of the critical state of the glue joint of a two-ply shell with known mathematical expectation and correlation function of random initial deflection of the upper ply is considered. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 138–149, January–February, 2006.