Fluorine-intercalated carbon fibers-I. structural and transport properties

The intercalation of fluorine in various types of carbon fibers (PAN-based or pitch-based, asreceived or high-temperature treated) has been investigated at room temperature in the presence of gaseous HF. Stage-1 compounds with C_2.5F to C₄F compositions are obtained for 10 bar F₂ pressures, whereas lower pressures (1 bar F₂) lead to stage-2 compounds. Although in higher stages (≥2) the electrical conductivity is generally larger than in the pristine fiber, in stage-1 compounds a drastic increase of resistivity is observed, ρ being more than one order of magnitude larger than that of the starting material. Finally, fluorine-intercalated GICs have been found appropriate to investigate the effects of disorder and reduced dimensionality.     

Studies on the poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene)/clay nanocomposites prepared by melt intercalation

Two types of SBS/OMMT composites are prepared by melt blending using a twin‐screw extruder. An X‐ray diffractometer indicates that polymer chains have intercalated into the gallery of the clay. It is shown in TEM photos that the thickness of the layer aggregate in the SBS1301 matrix is approximately 200 Å, but in the SBS4402 matrix the size of the filler particle is in micrometers. When SBS1301 is intermingled into SBS4402/OMMT, the particle size is reduced obviously. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the nanocomposite, SBS1301/OMMT, increase with the addition of OMMT; and when addition is 5phr, they achieve maximum. A small content of OMMT (less than 5phr) can prevent the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the SBS1301/MMT. In addition, a small content of SBS4402 (less than 20 wt %) can improve the mechanical properties of the SBS1301/OMMT composites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 146–152, 2005     

A new tantalum sulfur compound as electrode material for non-aqueous alkali metal batteries

Polycrystalline (PbS)_1.14(TaS₂)₂, a misfit layer sulfide, was used as cathodic material for lithium secondary battery. One molar LiClO₄ in propylene carbonate (PC) was used as electrolyte. The cell could be galvanostatic discharged down to x = 4.6 [Li_x(PbS)_1.14(TaS₂)₂] when the current density was 65 μA cm⁻² and the cell was cycled more than 100 times between 3.5 and 1.5 V at a current density of 260 μA cm⁻². Lattice expansion increased linearly with lithium content and was less than that reported for the Li/TaS₂ system. Chemical diffusion coefficients were determined by a modified version of the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and they were fairly constant in the composition range 0.2 < x < 1, and an average value of 8.1 × 10⁻¹¹ cm² s⁻¹ was calculated. Sodium intercalation was also accomplished, but the uptake of this ion resulting in a significant lattice expansion compared with that observed for lithium ions. Moreover, a similar dependence of the sodium chemical diffusion coefficient on the composition was observed with an average value of 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm² s⁻¹, somewhat higher than that of lithium ion. We believe that differences in lattice expansion may be responsible for the differences found in the chemical diffusivity values.     

OMMT/IIR纳米复合材料结构与性能的研究

采用熔体插层法制备有机蒙脱土(OMMT)／IIR纳米复合材料。试验结果表明，OMMT／IIR纳米复合材料是插层型纳米复合材料；与无机粘土／IIR微米复合材料及IIR相比，OMMT／HR纳米复合材料具有良好的物理性能，且其物理性能均随OMMT用量的增大而明显提高；与IIR相比，OMMT／HR纳米复合材料具有优异的气密性。     

高岭石声化学插层的XRD研究

以乙二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜及双氧水/冰醋酸等为插层剂,采用声化学法对高岭石进行了插层研究,考察了插层剂种类对高岭石插层率的影响.在此基础上,重点研究了以二甲基亚砜作为插层剂的情况下超声波功率、插层时间及插层剂的质量分数等工艺因素对插层率的影响,并采用XRD分析方法测试了高岭石的插层效率.结果表明：二甲基亚砜作为插层剂时插层率最高,插层率可达100%,二甲基甲酰胺和乙二醇次之,双氧水/冰醋酸插层率最低,插层率仅为14.9%.以二甲基亚砜为插层剂时,随着超声功率的增大,插层率先升高后降低;随着插层时间的延长,插层率呈增长趋势,而二甲基亚砜的质量分数对插层率的影响不大.在二甲基亚砜质量分数为75%、超声功率为300W、插层时间为2h的条件下,插层率达到100%,高岭石层间距从0.71nm被有效增大到1.10nm.     

层状磷酸锆的制备及插层研究

具有层状结构的磷酸锆α-Zr（HPO4）2·H2O通过粉末X-射线衍射（XRD）,振动光谱（红外IR和拉曼光谱Raman）,热分析仪（TG）,透射电子显微镜（TEM）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和BET氮气吸附等手段进行了表征.所制备的α-Zr（HPO4）2·H2O的BET表面积为12.29 m^2/g.研究了α-Zr（HPO4）2·H2O的插入行为,与四甲基溴化铵和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的插入反应表明插入是完全的,层间距分别增加了0.46 nm和1.68 nm,且插入化合物的荧光性质在室温被检测.     

Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan/sodium montmorillonite hybrid films

Carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CKGM)/ sodium montmorillonite (MMT) hybrid films of various compositions were prepared by casting from a polymer/silicate water suspension. The structure and properties of the hybrid films were investigated by wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile tests. The results from WXRD and TEM indicated that an intercalated CKGM/MMT nanocomposite film was obtained by polymer solution intercalation. WXRD and DSC showed that the high‐T_m crystal phase was induced by the presence of lower MMT loading, but the T_m of the hybrid films became weak with the increase of MMT content due to the polymer confinement. The hybrid films showed higher thermal stability and mechanical properties than that of the neat polysaccharide due to the strong interaction between hydroxyl and carbonyl group of CKGM and the silicate layer of MMT. Furthermore, the degree of swelling of the hybrid films was investigated in acidic buffer solutions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2954–2961, 2007     

氯化钠对铝硅矿物浮选的影响及其作用机理

采用季铵盐DTAL作捕收剂,研究了氯化钠对一水硬铝石和叶蜡石浮选的影响及其作用机理.随着氯化钠浓度的增加,叶蜡石的浮选回收率显著提高,而一水硬铝石的可浮性受其影响很小.机理研究表明:氯化钠对一水硬铝石的zeta-电位没有影响,而能显著降低叶蜡石的zeta-电位,增强捕收剂与叶腊石的静电作用,促进捕收剂的吸附而活化其浮选;叶蜡石表面电位的降低是因为氯离子对叶蜡石存在选择性吸附作用并对其结构进行插层,使得叶蜡石的层间距从0.93 nm增大至1.40 nm.溶液化学计算表明:氯化钠改变溶液的离子强度,显著降低了季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度,使得吸附了捕收剂的矿物表面更容易疏水上浮.     

基于奇异值分解算法的瑞雷波相速度反演研究

进行瑞雷波相速度反演时,在对其频散曲线的线性化过程中,因误差的引入会导致系数矩阵奇异或近似奇异。为解决此问题,利用奇异值分解算法进行瑞雷波相速度反演,可提高低速软弱夹层的反演精度和可靠性;反演时引入权重矩阵提高了数据分辨率;采用自适应修改阻尼因子以提高迭代效果并协调分辨率与解的关系。实测资料试算结果表明,利用奇异值分解算法对瑞雷波相速度进行反演,不但具有稳定性好、精度高、分辨能力强的特点,而且能自动分层和反演地层参数。