High‐Performance Cathode Based on Self‐Templated 3D Porous Microcrystalline Carbon with Improved Anion Adsorption and Intercalation

Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) have attracted much attention due to their advantages of low cost and especially environmental friendliness. However, the capacities of most DIBs are still unsatisfied (≈100 mAh g^?1) ascribed to the limited capacity of anions intercalation for conventional graphite cathode. In this study, 3D porous microcrystalline carbon (3D‐PMC) was designed and synthesized via a self‐templated growth approach, and when used as cathode for a DIB, it allows both intercalation and adsorption of anions. The microcrystalline carbon is beneficial to obtain capacity originated from anions intercalation, and the 3D porous structure with a certain surface area contributes to anions adsorption capacity. With the synergistic effect, this 3D‐PMC is utilized as cathode and tin as anode for a sodium‐based DIB, which has a high capacity of 168.0 mAh g^?1 at 0.3 A g^?1, among the best values of reported DIBs so far. This cell also exhibits long‐term cycling stability with a capacity retention of ≈70% after 2000 cycles at a high current rate of 1 A g^?1. It is believed that this work will provide a strategy to develop high‐performance cathode materials for DIBs.     

In‐Plane Assembled Orthorhombic Nb2O5 Nanorod Films with High‐Rate Li+ Intercalation for High‐Performance Flexible Li‐Ion Capacitors

Organic hybrid supercapacitors that consist of a battery electrode and a capacitive electrode show greatly improved energy density, but their power density is generally limited by the poor rate capability of battery‐type electrodes. In addition, flexible organic hybrid supercapacitors are rarely reported. To address the above issues, herein an in‐plane assembled orthorhombic Nb₂O₅ nanorod film anode with high‐rate Li⁺ intercalation to develop a flexible Li‐ion hybrid capacitor (LIC) is reported. The binder‐/additive‐free film exhibits excellent rate capability (≈73% capacity retention with the rate increased from 0.5 to 20 C) and good cycling stability (>2500 times). Kinetic analyses reveal that the high rate performance is mainly attributed to the excellent in‐plane assembly of interconnected single‐crystalline Nb₂O₅ nanorods on the current collector, ensuring fast electron transport, facile Li‐ion migration in the porous film, and greatly reduced ion‐diffusion length. Using such a Nb₂O₅ film as anode and commercial activated carbon as cathode, a flexible LIC is designed. It delivers both high gravimetric and high volumetric energy/power densities (≈95.55 Wh kg^?1/5350.9 W kg^?1; 6.7 mW h cm^?3/374.63 mW cm^?3), surpassing previous typical Li‐intercalation electrode‐based LICs. Furthermore, this LIC device still keeps good electrochemical attributes even under serious bending states (30°–180°).     

熔体插层法制备EPDM/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

利用马来酸酐接枝的EPDM齐聚物作为相容剂,通过熔体插层的方式分别采用一步法和二步法制备了EPDM/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。研究发现在组分相同的情况下,所制备的纳米复合材料性质上无明显差异,但直接法在工艺方面具备较大的优势。研究比较了纳米复合材料和常规复合材料的结构和结晶行为。动态力学性能和溶剂阻隔性能的测试结果表明,由于纳米复合材料中蒙脱土片层以纳米级的水平分散在聚合物基体中,其性能较常规复合材料有明显的提高。     

Effect of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers on permeation of S-amlodipine besylate through intercalated polymeric transdermal matrix: 3(2) designing,optimization and characterization

Objective: Innovation in material science has made it possible to fabricate a pharmaceutical material of modifiable characteristics and utility, in delivering therapeutics at a sustained/controlled rate. The objective of this study is to design and optimize the controlled release transdermal films of S-Amlodipine besylate by intercalating hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers.

Methods: 3(2) factorial design and response surface methodology was utilized to prepare formulations by intercalating the varied concentration of polymers(A) and penetration enhancer(B) in solvent. The effect of these independent factors on drug release and flux was investigated to substantiate the ex-vivo, stability and histological findings of the study.

Results: FTIR, DSC revealed the compatibility of drug with polymers; however, the semicrystallinity in drug was observed under PXRD. SEM micrographs showed homogeneous dispersion and entanglement of drug throughout the matrix. Results from the permeation study suggested the significant effect of factors on the ex vivo permeation of drug. It was observed that drug release was found to be increased with an increase in hydrophilic polymer concentration and PE. The formulations having polymers (EC:PVPK-30) at 7:3 showed maximum drug release with highest flux (102.60?±?1.12?µg/cm²/h) and permeability coefficient (32.78?±?1.38?cm/h). Significant effect of PE on lipid and protein framework of the skin was also observed which is responsible for increased permeation. The optimized formulation was found to be stable and showed no-sign of localized reactions, indicating safety and compatibility with the skin.

Conclusion: Thus, results indicated that the prepared intercalated transdermal matrix can be a promising nonoral carrier to deliver effective amounts of drug.     

Anodic behaviour of carbon materials in NaCl saturated NaAlCl4 fused electrolyte at low temperatures: A cyclic voltammetric study

The anodic behaviour of compacted graphite, graphite powder, glassy carbon and reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes in basic sodium chloroaluminate melt in the temperature range 428–573 K was studied using cyclic voltammetry. Chlorine evolution (> + 2.1 V vs Al) alone was the predominant reaction on the compact glassy carbon and fresh RVC electrodes. On compacted graphite, chlorine-assisted chloroaluminate intercalation was found to be a competitive process to the chlorine evolution. At high sweep rates, intercalation/deintercalation near the graphite lattice edges occur faster than chlorine evolution. Subsequent intercalation, however, is a slow process. Chlorine evolution predominates at higher temperatures and at higher anodic potentials. On graphite powders, a more reversible free radical chlorine adsorption/desorption process also occurs in the potential region below chlorine evolution. The process occurs at the grain boundaries, edges and defects of the graphite powder material. Intercalation/deintercalation processes are mainly responsible for the disintegration of graphitic materials in low-temperature chloroaluminate melts. Repeated intercalation/deintercalation cycles result in the irreversible transformation of the electrode surface and electrode characteristics. The surface area of the electrode is increased substantially on cycling. Electrode materials and operating conditions suitable for chlorine generation, intercalation/deintercalation and chlorine adsorption/desorption and power sources based on these processes are identified in this work.     

结构-阻尼复合材料研究进展

航空航天飞行器的高速、轻质和多功能化的发展,精密电子仪器设备的应用及舒适性要求的提高,对传统结构材料的减重和降噪提出了巨大的挑战.近年来,随着纤维增强复合材料的在航空航天领域应用比重的迅速提升,开发兼具高力学性能和高振动阻尼性能的新型结构-阻尼多功能材料也成为研究的热点问题之一.本文在介绍结构-阻尼复合材料阻尼机理的基础上,综述了国内外关于结构阻尼复合材料主要研究内容及研究成果,并讨论了其今后的发展趋势,包括开发新的多功能阻尼插层材料、引入新的阻尼耗能机制、开发多层次结构模型和对阻尼性能和力学性能的多尺度模拟等.     

复合插层剂制备可膨胀石墨研究

无机化合物与有机化合物联合作复合插层剂使用,与天然鳞片石墨、浓硝酸(浓HNO3)、高锰酸钾(KMnO4)等原料经氧化酸化插层、水洗、干燥过程制备无硫可膨胀石墨,利用正交试验方法确定了最佳工艺条件:天然石墨、KMnO4、浓HNO3、P2O5、冰HAc的质量比为1∶0.08∶3.4∶0.4∶0.6,产品膨胀容积可达300 ml/g,挥发分和灰分分别比单一插层剂制得的产品低。     

某工程岩石地基中溶蚀软弱夹层形成原因分析及地基强度探讨

该文分析了岩石地基中溶蚀软弱夹层的形成原因、对比了其室内试验、旁压试验及静力载荷试验结果 ,论述了溶蚀软弱夹层地基强度采用室内试验及旁压试验确定 ,其数值将大于实际承载力 ,偏于不安全 ,宜采用静力载荷试验确定。     

Formation Energies of the Lithium Intercalations in MoS2

First-principles calculations have been performed to study the lithium intercalations in MoS2. The formation energies, changes of volumes, electronic structures and charge densities of the lithium intercalations in MoS2 are presented. Our calculations show that during lithium intercalations in MoS2, the lithium intercalation formation energies per lithium atom are between 2.5 eV to 3.0 eV. The volume expansions of MoS2 due to lithium intercalations are relatively small     

蒙脱土改性水性聚氨酯的研究

以蒙脱土、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸、聚氧化丙稀二醇为基本原料,采用插层聚合的方法制备了水性聚氨酯乳液。X-射线衍射的研究结果表明,蒙脱土以平均间距不小于4.5 nm分散在水性聚氨酯基体中。与已报道的聚氨酯弹性体/蒙脱土纳米复合材料中8%(质量分数)左右的蒙脱土最佳添量不同,在水性聚氨酯基体中蒙脱土的最佳添加量为1%(质量分数)左右,在1%(质量分数)添量时乳液涂膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比对应未经改性的水性聚氨酯分别提高了34.6%、43.1%,耐水性也有所提高。