HCa2Nb3O10/(Pt,TiO2)的制备和光催化性能研究

用固相合成法合成出KCa2Nb3O10,并用离子交换法制备出HCa2Nb3O10通过正丙胺层间膨胀、氯铂酸铵,TiO2层间插入和紫外光分解等反应,合成出一种新的层状光催化纳米复合材料HCa2Nb3O10／(Pt,TiO2)。采用XRD、DRS对所制备的材料进行了表征。以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了所制备的材料的光催化性能,结果表明所制备的HCa2Nb3O10／(Pt,TiO2)纳米复合材料对甲基橙具有较高的光催化降解效率,并且其光催化活性的稳定性较高。     

Studies on nylon 6/clay nanocomposites by melt‐intercalation process

The preparation of nylon 6/clay nanocomposites by a melt‐intercalation process is proposed. X‐ray diffraction and DSC results show that the crystal structure and crystallization behaviors of the nanocomposites are different from those of nylon 6. Mechanical and thermal testing shows that the properties of the nanocomposites are superior to nylon 6 in terms of the heat‐distortion temperature, strength, and modulus without sacrificing their impact strength. This is due to the nanoscale effects and the strong interaction between the nylon 6 matrix and the clay interface, as revealed by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Molau testing. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1133–1138, 1999     

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay and poly(ethylene oxide)-clay blends prepared using water as solvent

Montmorillonite (MON) was solvent-cast blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) using water as cosolvent. The structure and properties of the blend films have been investigated. From small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements of the blends, the silicate layers of MON are found to be well dispersed individually in the PVA-MON blends, while the silicate layers in PEO-MON blends are found to exist in the form of a large clay tactoid. Furthermore, for both blends, it is found that the silicate layers are parallel to the film surface of the blends, and that preferred orientation of polymer crystallites is induced by the presence of MON. The effects of the MON content on the thermal behavior of the PVA- and PEO-MON blends have been studied with a differential scanning calorimeter. Furthermore, the effects of geometry of the silicate layers on dynamic behavior of the blends have been studied. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 573–581, 1997     

石墨层间化合物的研究与进展

综述了石墨层间化合物的研究状况、结构特征、种类、合成方法及其催化作用,特别指出了它在合成氨工业中的开发前景。     

薄夹层堵水技术研究及应用

针对老油田开发现状及存在的问题,开展了大厚层内薄夹层堵水技术研究。介绍了该技术的组成、工艺原理、主要技术参数、技术特点及现场应用效果;叙述了Y441-114双向卡瓦封隔器、Y341-114逐级解封封隔器、定位器等配套工具的结构特点、工作原理;并对逐级解封封隔器逐级解封负荷、双向卡瓦封隔器卡瓦解卡负荷进行了计算。现场应用结果证明:该封堵管柱卡得准、封得严、取得出,满足了大厚层内薄夹层单级或多级堵水的需要。     

濮城油田沙河街组辫状河三角洲储层隔夹层研究

为建立准确的开发地质模型,利用岩心、测井及化验分析资料,详细研究了濮城油田沙河街组辫状河三角洲储层隔夹层的成因类型及分布状况。研究表明,辫状河三角洲储层隔夹层的主要沉积成因类型包括:湖泛垂积成因、河漫成因、滞流成因、废弃河道成因、前积及堤岸成因。隔夹层是控制水淹层中油水运动的主要地质因素。     

高岭石/丙烯酰胺插层复合物的微波制备及其表征

高岭石及其有机插层复合物在高性能陶瓷领域有着良好的应用前景。本文利用微波技术,以DMSO作为前驱体,制备高岭石/丙烯酰胺插层复合物,发现微波对丙稀酰胺的插层反应具有相当明显的促进作用,反应时间从通常的几天缩短到几个小时。采用X-射线衍射、FT-IR光谱、TG等技术对其进行表征。结果表明:反应2小时后,该插层复合物的层间距即可扩大为1.139nm,其键合方式发生了改变,形成新的氢键。这为工业生产高岭石有机插层物以及制造纳米级高岭土提供了高效的新途径,并为进一步生产高性能陶瓷方面打下了基础。     

Photochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia using layered hydrous titanate/cadmium sulphide nanocomposites

The photocatalytic activity of H₂Ti₄O₉/CdS nanocomposites incorporating CdS particles, less than 0·8 nm thick, in the interlayer of H₂Ti₄O₉ was evaluated for the reduction of NO₃⁻ with and without methanol. NO₃⁻ was photochemically reduced by bandgap illumination in the presence of H₂Ti₄O₉/CdS nanocomposites with and without methanol although unsupported CdS showed no noticeable photocatalytic activity for NO₃⁻ reduction. The oxidation of CdS in H₂Ti₄O₉/CdS to SO₄^2- was accompanied by NO₃⁻ reduction without methanol, whereas addition of methanol was useful to promote the NO₃⁻ reduction and depress the oxidation of CdS. The catalytic activity of H₂Ti₄O₉/CdS greatly increased with doping Pt particles in the interlayer.     

聚酰胺改性用插层蒙脱石制备和性能研究

介绍了聚酰胺改性用插层蒙脱石制备方法、性能和应用。其中将自制的非反应型插层蒙脱石用熔体挤出法制备蒙脱石／尼龙6纳米复合材料,其拉伸强度为84．41MPa、抗弯强度为115．40MPa、热变形温度(0．45MPa)为189℃。     

石墨层间化合物阶结构的标定方法

阶作为表征石墨层间化合物的主要参量之一,在对石墨层间化合物的结构研究中起着重要作用。本文依据晶体材料X射线分析原理,结合石墨层间化合物的结构特性,对几种阶结构的标定方法进行了介绍和分析。