On the role of acidity in catalytic oxidation

The role of the catalyst surface acid-base properties on the heterogeneously-catalyzed oxidation reaction mechanisms is discussed. Acid-base properties depend on the covalent/ionic character of the metal-oxygen bonds and are involved in some steps of the oxidation reactions, such as the activation of the C---H hydrocarbon bonds, the step associated with the evolution of alkoxide species and the desorption/overoxidation of the partial oxidation products. Thus they participate with the cation redox properties in determining the selective/unselective catalyst behavior.     

砼受压损伤力学本构模型的研究

本文利用ＭＴＳ公司８１５．０２型电液伺服试验系统对砼进行了等应变速率加载控制的应力一应变全曲线试验，应用不可逆热力学和内变量理论的成果建立了砼损伤力学模型，并用概率统计的观点分析了损伤的演化规律。由于考虑了不可逆变形的影响，本文所建本构模型与实验吻合较好。     

Spatially resolved infrared spectroscopy: a novel technique for in situ study of spatial surface coverage during CO oxidation on supported catalysts

A spatially resolved infrared (IR) imaging technique to monitor the linear adsorbed CO coverage on supported catalyst surface combining an IR bandpass filter and an IR thermography camera has been developed. Images acquired during the CO adsorption/desorption and ignition indicate that the technique provides an excellent method to image the change of surface coverage with a spatial resolution. It is expected that the combination of infrared thermography with spatially resolved imaging of surface coverage will provide a deeper insight in the dynamics of spatio-temporal patterns on heterogeneous catalysts.     

葡萄糖电解氧化还原工艺研究

采用自制的无膜电解槽，对同时电解氧化还原葡萄糖生成葡萄糖酸和山梨醇的工艺进行了研究。所得到的最佳工艺条件为：葡萄糖浓度０．４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｐＨ值１１，电流密度３Ａ／ｄｍ￣２。在此条件下电解１２ｈ，葡萄糖转化率可达９６．４％，葡萄糖酸产率８８％，山梨醇产率１０％。同时，考察了和Ｚｎ￣（２＋）加入以及ｐＨ值对电流效率的影响。     

Al2O3—TiB2陶瓷刀具材料的高温氧化及其对刀具耐磨性能的影响

研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＢ２陶瓷刀具材料在１０００℃下的氧化行为，用ＸＲＤ、ＳＥＭ分析了氧化后的相组成及显微结构。结果表明：Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＴｉＢ２陶瓷材料在１０００℃空气中氧化增重符合抛物线规律；随ＴｉＢ２含量的增加，该材料的抗氧化能力下降。     

Oxidation of methane to formaldehyde over Fe/SiO2 and Sn---W mixed oxides

In an attempt to develop new catalysts for the formation of formaldehyde from methane, the promotion effect of Fe on SiO₂ and that of Sn on WO₃ have been studied. The formation of formaldehyde on silica can be appreciably enhanced by the impregnation of Fe, as far as iron loadings are kept below 0.1 atom.% (Fe/Si × 100). In the case of Sn---W---Ox catalysts, both the addition of Sn to WO₃, and that of W on SnO₂ were effective to the selective formaldehyde formation. Absorption spectra (UV-Vis) and ESR measurements revealed that tetrahedrally coordinated Fe³⁺ in the silica network plays an important role in the formation of formaldehyde. A thin surface layer consisting of W and Sn oxides can account for the selective formaldehyde formation on the Sn---W---Ox catalysts.     

提高润滑油基础油氧化安定性的组合工艺

以生产润滑油基础油的老三套工艺为基础，开发了改善油品氧化安定性的组合工艺。该工艺的主要特点是包括一步络合脱氮过程。实验证明，该组合工艺既可以有效地提高基础油的氧化安定性，又能降低溶剂精制深度，提高基础油收率。     

Pyrene oxidation as a model reaction for characterizing the mechanism of coke oxidation on Y zeolites

The same effect of temperature on the production of CO, CO₂ and H₂O was found during oxidative treatment of HY zeolites either impregnated with pyrene or coked. Therefore, pyrene oxidation can be used to specify the mechanism of coke oxidation. Three types of reactions can be distinguished: (a) condensation of polyaromatic molecules, (b) oxidation of polyaromatics into aldehydes, ketones, acids and anhydrides and (c) decarbonylation or decarboxylation of oxygenated compounds, all these reactions involving protonic sites.     

Oxidation of methane over platinum in a solid proton-conducting electrolyte cell

Studies of the complete oxidation of methane on a Pt electrode-catalyst in the cell with a solid proton-conducting electrolyte (CH₄ + O₂, Pt ¦ SrCe_0.92Dy_0.08O₃ ¦ Pt, H₂O + N₂) were carried out. The non-Faradaic effect of electrochemical hydrogen pumping on the rate of methane oxidation has been demonstrated. The induced change in the reaction rate at anodic polarization of a Pt electrode-catalyst was over two orders of magnitude higher than the rate of hydrogen pumping from the reaction zone through the electrolyte.     

碳钢与不锈钢表面高浓度渗铬法

在氩气气氛下，应用固体渗铬填料法对碳钢、不锈钢作了表面高铬浓度的渗铬处理，探讨了渗铬温度、时间和渗铬组分对渗层表面铬含量、厚度，试样增重和物相组分影响，碳钢、不锈钢的表面渗铬浓度分别达８０－９４ｗｔ％和７０－８２ｗｔ％。