金属铈在NaCl-KCl和NaCl-KCl-CeCl3熔盐体系中的溶解行为

通过离子浓度测定、气体生成法、熔盐耗酸量测定、X射线衍射和差重分析法,综合评判了金属铈在NaCl-KCl和NaCl-KCl-CeCl₃熔盐体系中的溶解行为。结果表明,金属铈在熔盐中的损失存在物理溶解和化学反应,可生成氧化物、氮氧化物、氯氧化物等,同时还可与坩埚成分发生反应。金属铈及其化合物在熔盐中的溶解度很低,但会生成新相,新相中含有大量的铈。采用嵌套式坩埚并增加内部小坩埚高度,可有效降低金属铈的溶解损失量。     

聚4-甲基-1-戊烯微孔膜的研究进展

聚4–甲基–1–戊烯有很多优良的性能,具有作为优质膜材料的潜能。本文对聚4–甲基–1–戊烯微孔膜的成膜方法进行了综述,主要有相转化法,包括非溶剂致相转化法、溶剂蒸发成膜法、高分子溶液的水面展开法;熔融拉伸法;热致相分离法及其衍生法。重点介绍了聚4–甲基–1–戊烯微孔膜各种制备方法的原理、过程、影响因素和膜的结构特点。     

Combustion of Ti+0.5C and Ti+C mixtures of bulk density in inert gas coflow

The combustion of Ti-C mixtures of bulk density under inert gas blowing conditions produced by evacuation of one end of the reaction cell was studied for the first time. The experiments showed that the tested mixtures in quartz cups were not ignited and did not burn without the inert gas (argon) flow. Increasing the rate of gas evacuation from the sample increased the rate of steady-state combustion of the mixture of titanium with carbon black, and for the mixture of titanium with graphite, stabilization of the flat combustion front was observed. It is shown that the presence of small pressure difference (up to 105 Pa) allows control of the combustion process and confirms the basic postulates of the convective-conductive theory of combustion for heterogeneous condensed systems. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 30–37, January–February, 2009.     

Measurement of liquid water content in cathode gas diffusion electrode of polymer electrolyte fuel cell

Water management in cathode gas diffusion electrode (GDE) of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) is essential for high performance operation, because liquid water condensed in porous gas diffusion layer (GDL) and catalyst layer (CL) blocks oxygen transport to active reaction sites. In this study, the average liquid water content inside the cathode GDE of a low-temperature PEFC is experimentally and quantitatively estimated by the weight measurement, and the relationship between the water accumulation rate in the cathode GDE and the cell voltage is investigated. The liquid water behavior at the cathode is also visualized using an optical diagnostic, and the effects of operating conditions and GDL structures on the water transport in the cathode GDE are discussed. It is found that the liquid water content in the cathode GDE increases remarkably after starting the fuel cell operation due to the water production at the CL. At a high current density, the cell voltage drops suddenly after starting the operation in spite of a low water content in the cathode GDE. When the GDL thickness is increased, much water accumulates near the cathode CL and the fuel cell shuts down immediately after the operation. In the final section of this paper, the structure of cathode GDL that has several grooves for water removal is proposed to prevent water flooding and improve fuel cell performance. This groove structure is effective to promote the removal of the liquid water accumulated near the active catalyst sites.     

浅谈企业会计信息失真及解决对策

揭示企业会计信息失真的现象及危害,分析引起企业会计信息失真的原因,提出治理企业会计信息失真的对策.     

论解决核电安全问题的途径

从现有水冷反应堆核电厂存在堆芯熔化危险这一安全问题的焦点出发,分析了改进型反应堆AP-600、SIR、非能动安全反应堆PIUS和具有固有安全的模块高温气冷堆MHTGR等的安全特性.按照下一代水冷反应堆的设计要求和用户要求,提出了解决水堆核电厂安全问题的新概念——自安全铀氢锆反应堆,该堆型可能成为世界水堆核电发展的一个方问。中国核动力研究设计院正在探讨这种堆型。     

Preform impregnation to optimize the properties and microstructure of RB-SiC prepared with laser sintering and reactive melt infiltration

Indirect selective laser sintering (SLS) was combined with reactive melt infiltration (RMI) to fabricate RB-SiC, and the effects of preform impregnation with different carbon source on the carbonized sample and final RB-SiC were investigated. Results show that the impregnation treatment led to increased bulk density and mechanical strength of samples at all stages. The pore size dwindled and the porosity decreased significantly for the carbonized sample, and the content of Si reduced for the final RB-SiC. The impregnation with PF resin containing 30 % nano carbon black (PFnanoC) seems more promising for the comprehensive properties improvement, the final RB-SiC had a relatively fewer amount of residual pore and carbon and showed superior mechanical properties compared with those of sample impregnated with only PF resin. Kinetics analysis indicates a slower pore-clogging rate under the PFnanoC impregnation condition, which avoided or hindered a too-early infiltration cease during the RMI process.     

聚氨酯胶粘剂水解问题的有效解决途径

聚合物有几种主要的降解机理:热降解、化学物降解、氧化降解、微生物降解以及水解降解。其中,水解是缩聚反应生成的聚合物最致命的弱点,聚氨酯粘合剂也不例外。水解使聚合物的力学性能在一段时间后丧失殆尽,严重影响了其使用性能和应用范围。碳化二亚胺(Stabaxol~(?))是为解决酯类聚合物水解问题而研制的高效抗水解剂。文章描述了碳化二亚胺抗水解剂在聚酯型聚氨酯粘合剂中的水解保护机理及效果。     

Synthesis and characterization of hindered‐phenol‐containing amine moieties as antioxidants for polypropylene copolymers

(4‐Ethylphenyl)‐3,5‐ditertiarybutyl‐4‐hydroxybenzylamine, 1‐phenyl‐4‐(3,5‐ditertiarybutyl‐4‐hydroxybenzyl)piperazine, and 1‐(3,5‐ditertiarybutyl‐4‐hydroxybenzyl)piperidine were synthesized and characterized, and their performance in polypropylene copolymer (PPCP) was tested by multiple extrusions in a Brabender plasticorder. The thermooxidative stability of PPCP was assessed by the measurement of oxidative induction time at 200 ± 1°C, and the thermal stability was assessed by observation of the change in the melt flow rate. A comparative study of the synthesized antioxidants with the commercially available antioxidant 2,6‐ditertiarybutyl‐4‐methylphenol was made. The presence of phenolic and amino groups influenced the performance of the antioxidants. The performance of the antioxidants influenced the thermal stability of the PPCP. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1097–1103, 2004     

球面基底上制作微柱面透镜工艺研究

针对目前在球面基底上制作微透镜阵列工艺复杂,制作成本昂贵等问题,介绍了一种激光直写光刻和光刻胶热熔成型相结合的新的加工技术。为此改造了球面刻划机,搭建了405nm激光曝光光源系统,同时建立三维坐标体系,实现微透镜阵列在球面空间位置的定位。在理论分析和合理设计的基础上,使用BP212正性光刻胶在口径50mm,曲率半径60mm的球面基底上制作出线宽为50μm,矢高为2μm,切面曲率半径约为157μm的微柱面透镜阵列,并给出了测试结果。结果表明：在球面基底曲率半径一定时,通过阶梯升温光刻胶和对其快速冷却等微细加工方法,克服了光刻胶熔融状态时的流动性问题,证明此种加工方法对球面微透镜阵列的制作具有很好的可行性。