基于新Dirichlet先验分布的指数寿命型产品多阶段可靠性增长Bayes分析

本文基于新的Dirichlet先验分布,建立了多阶段指数寿命型产品可靠性增长的Bayes模型。本模型充分利用先验信息和阶段试验信息,采用最优化方法解决了新的Dirichlet先验分布超参数因物理意义不明确而难以确定的问题;利用Gibbs抽样算法进行后验推断,合理估算出当前阶段和后续试验阶段产品可靠性的Bayes点估计和置信下限,并利用该模型研究实现了对产品可靠性的预测。实例证明了该模型在多阶段指数产品可靠性增怅分析中的直观性与有效性。     

数控机床故障模式的对比分析

针对国产计算机数控(CNC)机床故障率高于发达国家同类产品的现状,对国产CNC机床和德国CNC机床两类产品进行现场跟踪分析及试验。通过故障模式对比分析表明,国产和德国CNC机床具有明显不同的故障模式,找到了造成差距的主要因素,为提高国产CNC机床可靠性提供有效方法。     

螺旋藻优良藻株的选育

在相同培养条件下,比较了5株不同来源螺旋藻的生长性能和品质参数。结果显示,螺旋藻S3在生长性能上具有很强的优势,其生长速率和光能利用率分别达到0.11 g/(L·d)和1.91%,蛋白质含量为57.95%,藻丝浮性、藻胆蛋白、叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素的含量均较高。同时以蛋白质含量和生长速率为评价指标,采用综合评分法,获得综合评分最高的1株优良藻株S3。因此,可以选用螺旋藻S3作为生产藻株。     

乳铁蛋白最新研究进展 --活性多肽以及生理功能(Ⅱ)

综述了乳铁蛋白（ＬＦ）以及其活性多肽的研究进展,活性多肽包括有强抗菌多肽（Ｌｆｃｉｎ）、促进细胞增长多肽等,相应的生理活性功能有天然抗菌、抗病毒、增强免疫、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、促进铁吸收等,此外,也介绍了乳铁蛋白在食品工业中的应用前景。     

Automatic restraint and visual detection of fatigue crack growth when applying an anti-fatigue smart paste to bolt holes

An anti-fatigue smart paste, which consists of fine alumina particles and silicone grease with low viscosity, was applied to a bolt hole (and its periphery in some cases) in a steel plate specimen, and the effects of the smart paste on automatic restraint and visual detection of fatigue crack growth were experimentally investigated through fatigue tests. Fractographic observations using a scanning electron microscope were also carried out. As a result, approximately 20～410% increase in failure life was produced by the wedge effect of the alumina particles in the smart paste. When the smart paste was applied, remarkable black colour developed in the white paste along the paths of crack growth, exceedingly facilitating the visual detection of the crack growth.     

鲤鱼假单胞菌生长动力学研究和货架期预测

以0,5,10,15℃条件下有氧冷藏的鲤鱼为研究对象,用Statistica软件拟合不同温度下优势腐败菌——假单胞菌的生长情况。结果表明,修正的Gompertz方程均能较好地描述假单胞菌在0～15℃范围内的生长动态。贮藏温度对Nmax(最大菌数)的影响不大,在4种温度下Nmax的平均值为(6.91±0.13)lg CFU/g。采用Belehradek方程分析发现,温度与μmax(最大比生长速率)和λ(延滞时间)均呈现良好的线性关系。再把鲤鱼贮藏在3,8,12℃来验证所建立的货架期(shelf life,SL)预测模型的可靠性,求得的SL预测值相比实测值的相对误差分别为-9.35%、-9.38%、-8.89%,表明SL预测模型能够较快速实时地预测0～15℃条件下鲤鱼贮藏过程中的鲜度品质和剩余SL。     

Confined growth of CuO, NiO, and Co3O4 nanocrystals in mesoporous silica (MS) spheres

The confined growth of CuO, NiO, and Co₃O₄ nanocrystals in the mesopores of the MS spheres with the help of polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers by calcination method has been investigated. Measurements and analyses of SEM, XRD, TEM, and TGA showed that the metal oxide (CuO, NiO, or Co₃O₄) nanoparticles were almost confined in the mesopores of the MS spheres and had good crystallinity. And the resulting composite microspheres with good dispersion are still mesoporous. This approach can be used to prepare composite materials involving metal oxide nanaoparticles, which have potential application in catalytic field. And the results showed that cyclic voltammograms (CV) were valuable for the investigation of catalytic performances of CuO/MS, NiO/MS, and Co₃O₄/MS composite microspheres.     

三元稀土硅化物Gd_2PdSi_3单晶生长(英文)

采用光悬浮区熔法以3 mm/h的生长速度制备Gd2PdSi3单晶。该化合物表现为同成分熔融,其熔点在1700°C左右。与Gd2PdSi3化学计量成分相比,制备的晶体中Pd含量略低,导致了熔区内Pd的富集以及实验过程中熔区温度的降低。采用标准成分给料棒制备的单晶内含有少量定向的GdSi沉淀,可以通过退火热处理减少其含量但并不能完全消除。采用给料棒成分微调的方法制备出不含GdSi沉淀的高质量Gd2PdSi3单晶。     

微尺度涡旋位错:宝石晶体又一重要的生长机制

采用原子力显微镜、干涉显微镜对水热法合成蓝宝石和天然绿柱石等宝石的表面微形貌进行了研究. 通过对宝石晶体中微尺度涡旋位错的表征和示踪, 初步证实涡旋位错是某些宝石矿物晶体又一重要的生长机制. 这暗示, 微尺度成矿流体的涡旋运移与晶相涡旋成核可能是地球成矿动力学体系中某些物质运动和存在的又一种重要的形式. 对晶体生长机理的研究现状和发展趋势予以了讨论.     

Effects of preweaning total plane of milk intake and weaning age on intake,growth performance,and blood metabolites of dairy calves

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of preweaning total plane of milk intake and weaning age on intake, growth performance, and blood metabolites of dairy calves. A total of 48 Holstein calves (40 ± 1.6 kg of body weight) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the factors of weaning age (d 60 vs. 75) and the total plane of milk intake (medium vs. high) during the preweaning period. Calves were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) calves fed medium plane of milk (MPM) intake and weaned on d 60 of age (MPM-60d, 4 L/d of milk from d 3 to 10, 6 L/d of milk from d 11 to 55, and 3 L/d of milk from d 56 to 60 of age; total milk intake = 317 L), (2) calves fed MPM intake and weaned on d 75 of age (MPM-75d, 4 L/d of milk from d 3 to 10 and 4.5 L/d of milk from d 11 to 70 of age followed by feeding 2.25 L/d of milk from d 71 to 75 of age; total milk intake = 313 L), (3) calves fed high plane of milk (HPM) intake and weaned on d 60 of age (HPM-60d, 4 L/d of milk from d 3 to 10, 6 L/d of milk from d 11 to 20, and 8.5 L/d of milk from d 21 to 55 followed by feeding 4.25 L/d of milk from d 56 to 60 of age; total milk intake = ～411 L); and (4) calves fed HPM intake and weaned on d 75 (HPM-75d, 4 L/d of milk from d 3 to 10, and 6 L/d of milk from d 11 to 70 of age followed by feeding 3 L/d of milk from d 71 to 75 of age; total milk intake = 407 L) with no milk refusals. All of the calves were monitored up to d 90 of age. Regardless of weaning age, starter feed intake and dry matter intake (% of body weight) were lower in calves fed HPM compared with those receiving MPM. A tendency for the plane of milk intake × weaning age interaction was observed for metabolizable energy intake with the highest value was recorded with the HPM-75d calves. The lowest efficiency of metabolizable energy intake and average feed efficiency was observed in HPM-60d calves throughout the experimental period as compared with the other groups. An interaction was found between the total plane of milk intake and weaning age regarding effects on total average daily gain, average daily gain/metabolizable energy intake, feed efficiency, final body weight, and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate levels with the highest values measured in HPM-75d calves. Weaning on d 75 versus d 60 improved wither height and hip width, which tended to increase body length at the end of the trial. The results suggest that calves fed high amounts of milk during their preweaning period benefit from extending the time of weaning from 60 to 75 d of age based on average daily gain, feed efficiency, and final body weight.