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81.
焦油的脱除是生物质气化规模化应用的难题。离子液体具有饱和蒸气压低、分子结构可设计等优势,在催化和吸收领域有广泛的应用前景,但在脱除焦油方面鲜有探索。以改进的COSMO-RS方法为基础,借助COSMOtherm软件推算离子液体对苯、甲苯、苯酚和萘等焦油模拟物的无限稀释活度系数。并进一步通过偏摩尔过量焓验证以上筛选结果。结果表明,优选的两取代基咪唑类离子液体对四种焦油模拟物的无限稀释活度系数值主要分布在0.4~1之间,预计具有良好的吸收性能。当阴离子相同时,两取代基咪唑阳离子随着R1位置烷基侧链的增长吸收性能变好,其中[C8MIM][NTf2]表现出了较佳性能,吸收苯、甲苯和萘的γ∞分别为0.95、1.24和1.36,但此时离子液体黏度较大;对于苯酚体系,[BF4]-阴离子性能较佳。 相似文献
82.
83.
Zhenzhen Li Loic D'eramo Fabrice Monti Anne-Laure Vayssade Benjamin Chollet Bruno Bresson Yvette Tran Michel Cloitre Patrick Tabeling 《Israel journal of chemistry》2014,54(11-12):1589-1601
The goal of this paper is to review progress (mostly recent) made in micro and nanovelocimetry, focusing on two techniques: µPIV (microparticle image velocimetry) and nanoPTV (nanoparticle tracking velocimetry). The paper focuses on the measurement of slippage (taken as a benchmark for these techniques), concentrating on work done in our group. We review the developments of µPIV that led, in the last ten years, to the achievement of 100 nm accuracy in the measurement of slip lengths. Later, this approach was complemented by nanoPTV, which recently obtained ±5 nm precision. Here, we also mention recent application of these techniques toward better characterization of microgel and polymer flows. As a whole, the two techniques have conveyed valuable information on flow behavior within and close to the boundaries of microchannels, on the importance of wetting, and on the role of surface heterogeneities. µPIV is commercially available but nanoPTV is not mature. Interesting instrumental developments are expected in the future for the latter technique. 相似文献
84.
采用超临界CO2萃取方法得到了高纯度的离子液体[bmim]PF6、[bmim]BF4 和[bupy]BF4。用反相键合相高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了三种离子液体中萘、菲、联苯、二苯并噻吩(DBT)和二苯基二硫醚在280~340K的溶解度,分别用两参数和三参数的NRTL方程关联了测得的溶解度数据。溶解度计算值与实验值的相对平均偏差在3.86~9.94%之间。显然,可以用NRTL方程描述这些固体物质与离子液体的固液相平衡。同样条件下,测定了乙苯—[bmim]PF6、十二烷基苯—[bmim]PF6 液液相平衡数据。前者的规律也可以用NRTL方程描述,两相溶解度计算值与实验值的平均偏差分别是10.20、3.37%。 相似文献
85.
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is a novel research field towards a CO2-neutral global economy and combating fast accelerating and disastrous climate changes while finding new solutions to store renewable energy in value-added chemicals and fuels. Ionic liquids (ILs), as medium and catalysts (or supporting part of catalysts) have been given wide attention in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) due to their unique advantages in lowering overpotential and improving the product selectivity, as well as their designable and tunable properties. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress of CO2 electro-reduction in IL-based electrolytes to produce higher-value chemicals. We then have highlighted the unique enhancing effect of ILs on CO2RR as templates, precursors, and surface functional moieties of electrocatalytic materials. Finally, computational chemistry tools utilized to understand how the ILs facilitate the CO2RR or to propose the reaction mechanisms, generated intermediates and products have been discussed. 相似文献
86.
Vadim V. Ermolaev Daria M. Arkhipova Vasili A. Miluykov Anna P. Lyubina Syumbelya K. Amerhanova Natalia V. Kulik Alexandra D. Voloshina Valentine P. Ananikov 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(1)
Structure–activity relationships are important for the design of biocides and sanitizers. During the spread of resistant strains of pathogenic microbes, insights into the correlation between structure and activity become especially significant. The most commonly used biocides are nitrogen-containing compounds; the phosphorus-containing ones have been studied to a lesser extent. In the present study, a broad range of sterically hindered quaternary phosphonium salts (QPSs) based on tri-tert-butylphosphine was tested for their activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and fungi (Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. gypseum). The cation structure was confirmed to determine their biological activity. A number of QPSs not only exhibit high activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria but also possess antifungal properties. Additionally, the hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of QPSs were determined using blood and a normal liver cell line, respectively. The results show that tri-tert-butyl(n-dodecyl)phosphonium and tri-tert-butyl(n-tridecyl)phosphonium bromides exhibit both low cytotoxicity against normal human cells and high antimicrobial activity against bacteria, including methicillin-resistant strains S. aureus (MRSA). The mechanism of QPS action on microbes is discussed. Due to their high selectivity for pathogens, sterically hindered QPSs could serve as effective tunable biocides. 相似文献
87.
室温离子液体在萃取中的应用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
综述了室温离子液体在萃取中的应用研究,包括液—液萃取,液相微萃取,固相微萃取,超临界CO2萃取。 相似文献
88.
89.
芳烃与烯烃的反应在有机合成中应用广泛。随着环保要求的提高,用于芳烃烷基化反应的传统催化剂逐渐被新型绿色催化剂所替代。近年来研究发现离子液体和分子筛对该反应具有高效催化作用且环境友好。本文探讨了离子液体和分子筛的酸性,总结了相应的的催化机理,对有关实验和理论研究工作进行了分析。同时揭示了离子液体和分子筛的结构对其催化性能的影响,为烷基化反应进一步研究奠定了基础。分析表明离子液体既能作为B酸,也能作为L酸起催化作用;分子筛主要作为B酸起催化作用,同时其催化性能与孔道结构、孔径大小及反应物尺寸密切相关。离子液体的稳定性较差、成本较高,而分子筛失活较快,未来需围绕提高离子液体稳定性、改进其制备方法以降低成本及改善分子筛结构以延长使用周期等方面展开研究。 相似文献
90.
The settling behavior of liquid-liquid dispersions at ambient temperature and pressure is well investigated. However, little is known about the settling behavior of those systems at high pressure and high temperature. In this work, a novel stainless steel settling cell is presented, enabling investigations on liquid-liquid settling behavior at high pressures up to 130 bar. The settling behavior of a promising CO2 hydrogenation reaction system is investigated by sequentially determining influences of dissolved CO2, side components, and temperature. 相似文献