Influence of irradiation temperature on microstructure of EU batch of ODS Eurofer97 steel irradiated with neutrons

Abstract

A TEM investigation of an EU batch of oxide dispersed strengthened (ODS) Eurofer97 steel specimens, irradiated to 1 and 3 dpa at 300, 450 and 550°C in high flux reactor at Petten, has been performed to understand the influence of irradiation temperature on the characteristics of irradiation defects and, eventually, on the resulting mechanical properties of this material. Specimens irradiated at 300°C revealed the presence of a high density of black dot damage and small self-interstitial atom (SIA) dislocation loops causing substantial hardening and embrittlement. In contrast, negligible black dot damage, low density of large SIA loops and networks of dislocations are observed in specimens irradiated at 450 and 550°C. The lath martensitic structure and ODS particles remain unaffected after irradiation in all specimens. These results are discussed in view of possible activation of defect annihilation mechanisms to explain the observed recovery of mechanical properties at high irradiation temperatures.     

双铅铋回路自然循环瞬态响应分析

为了研究液态金属双自然循环回路功率变化时的瞬态响应和回路的稳定性,利用SIMULINK在单个铅铋自然循环回路的基础上建立了双自然循环回路模型,并用FLUENT程序进行计算验证,分析了不同升功率和降功率过程中回路的流速振荡及双回路的稳定性。计算结果表明:延长升功率时间可减小流速振荡,且当升功率速率先慢后快时更有利于减小流速振荡和缩短流动到达稳定所需的时间;对于双自然循环回路,当降功率速率不同时,回路的流速均未发生明显的振荡,降功率速率对回路的稳定性影响并不显著。双自然循环回路比单回路更不稳定,通过减小中间换热面的热阻能有效提高双回路的稳定性。     

Heat transfer performance of a double-loop separate-type heat pipe: Measurement results

An experimental study is presented for the heat transfer performance of a rectangular double-loop natural circulation system, in which the condensers are made of double tubes with water-steam as the working fluid. Detailed temperature measurements of the core fluid and the wall are made, from which overall heat transfer coefficients for the evaporator, condensers, and entire system are obtained. Parametric studies of the liquid charge level, fluid properties, and heating or cooling conditions on the heat transfer performance are presented and correlation equations are given. The results show that the overall heat transfer coefficients for the evaporator, condensers, and entire loop are all increasing with decreasing liquid charge level. Overhead phenomena at low liquid charge level and thermal oscillation at some situations are also observed and discussed.     

CS3000系统在特种溶剂油厂的应用

介绍了CS3000系统控制站技术性能和组态内容,通过复杂控制回路组态过程和技术的详细分析,总结了特种溶剂油厂在DCS软件组态方面的特点,以及在软件组态和调试工作中的体会,加深了DCS现场应用的理解和认识,有助于提高DCS的整体应用水平和效率。     

辐照过程中间隙环形成的Fokker—Planck方程解

空洞和间隙环的形成,是辐照过程中材料微观结构演变的基本问题。本文给出了间隙环形成的Fokker-Planck方程解。该解表征了辐照过程中不同尺寸的间隙环随时间形成的主要特征。对于316不锈钢,计算值与实验值一致。该方法能快速,精确地算出高剂量下的大尺寸间隙环浓度。     

Practical strain extensometry for biaxial cruciform specimens—Part 1

Of a number of methods for testing materials under biaxial stress conditions, the cruciform specimen with tension/compression loading of the arms allows exploration of the whole in-plane failure envelope. This paper highlights the problems arising in the measuring, monitoring and control of strains in cruciform specimens subject to static and cyclic biaxial loading. Three extensometers are described which have been used respectively for testing high strain fatigue in steels, fatigue crack propagation in steels and fatigue and fracture of a glass reinforced polyester composite. Each extensometer uses a full bridge resistance strain gauge circuit; two are based on bending of a beam and the third on deformation of a thin ring. Examples are shown of stress/strain loops for equibiaxial and shear conditions from fatigue tests on a steel and g.r.p.     

Complete and non-overlapping marching along a closed regular intersection curve

In this paper we present an algorithm for estimating the rotation index of a closed regular intersection curve from its singular points. On the basis of this index we have also devised a procedure that guarantees that a closed intersection curve will be traced completely, without overlapping. Combining this procedure with marching steps derived from differential geometric properties has resulted in a robust intersection technique.     

OTTER and the Moufang identity problem

This article provides additional evidence of the value of using an automated reasoning program as a research assistant. Featured is the use of Bill McCune's program OTTER to find proofs of theorems taken from the study of Moufang loops, but not just any proofs. Specifically, the proofs satisfy the property of purity. In particular, when given, say, four equivalent identities (which is the case in this article), one is asked to prove the second identity from the first, the third from the second, the fourth from the third, and the first from the fourth. If the proof that 1 implies 2 does not rely on 3 or 4, then by definition the proof is pure with respect to 3 and 4, or simply the proof is pure. If for the four identities one finds four pure proofs showing that 1 implies 2, 2 implies 3, 3 implies 4, and 4 implies 1, then by definition one has found a circle of pure proofs. By finding the needed twelve pure proofs, this article shows that there does exist a circle of pure proofs for the four equivalent identities for Moufang loops and for all orderings of the identities; however, for much of this article, the emphasis is on the first three identities. In addition — in part to promote the use of automated reasoning programs and to answer questions concerning the choice of options — featured here is the methodology that was employed and a discussion of some of the obstacles, some of which are subtle. The approach relies on paramodulation (which generalizes equality substitution), on demodulation, and — so crucial for attacking deep questions and hard problems — on various strategies, most important of which are the hot list strategy, the set of support strategy, and McCune's ratio strategy. To permit verification of the results presented here, extension of them, and application of the methodology to other unrelated fields, a sample input file and four proofs (relevant to a circle of pure proofs for the four identities) are included. Research topics and challenges are offered at the close of this article.This work was supported by the Mathematical, Information, and Computational Sciences Division subprogram of the Office of Computational and Technology Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38.     

A very-high output impedance charge pump for low-voltage low-power PLLs

This article presents the design of a high output compliance, very-high output impedance single-ended charge pump implemented using a new low-voltage current mirror. The output current is sampled and a feedback loop forces it to be equal to the desired reference current. This results in a very-high output impedance over a very wide output voltage range, accurate Up/Down current matching, and low transient glitches. The proposed charge pump was implemented using STMicroelectronics 1-V 90-nm CMOS process. Simulations using Spectre show that the Up/Down output currents remain constant and matched within 1% over a charge pump output voltage ranging from 119 to 873 mV. Monte Carlo process variations and mismatch simulations indicate that the 1-σ standard deviation between the Up and Down current components is , or 6.8% of the nominal charge pump current at either end of the output voltage range.     

Non-Enzymatic Template-Directed Recombination of RNAs

RNA non-enzymatic recombination reactions are of great interest within the hypothesis of the “RNA world”, which argues that at some stage of prebiotic life development proteins were not yet engaged in biochemical reactions and RNA carried out both the information storage task and the full range of catalytic roles necessary in primitive self-replicating systems. Here we report on the study of recombination reaction occuring between two 96 nucleotides (nts) fragments of RNAs under physiological conditions and governed by a short oligodeoxyribonucleotide template, partially complementary to sequences within each of the RNAs. Analysis of recombination products shows that ligation is predominantly template-directed, and occurs within the complementary complex with the template in “butt-to-butt” manner, in 1- or 3- nts bulges or in 2–3 nts internal loops. Minor recombination products formed in the template-independent manner are detected as well.