Synthesis,characterization, and thermal behavior study of methyl methacrylate polymers containing 4‐carbazole substitutes

A new polymerizable monomer, [4‐(9‐ethyl)carbazolyl]methyl methacrylate ( 2 ), was synthesized by reacting of methacrylic acid and 4‐hydroxymethyl‐9‐ethyl carbazole ( 1 ) by esterification procedure in the presence of N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The resulting monomer was then polymerized free‐radically to form the poly(methyl methacrylate) containing 4‐(9‐ethyl)carbazolyl pend ent groups. Also, copolymerization of monomer 2 with various acrylic monomers such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and n‐butyl acrylate by azobisisobutyronitrile as a free radical polymerization initiator gave the related copolymers in high yields. The structure of all the resulted compounds was characterized and confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The average molecular weight of the obtained polymers was determined by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofurane as the solvent. The thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter instruments were used for studying of thermal properties of polymers. It was found that, with the incorporation of bulky 4‐(9‐ethyl)carbazolyl substitutes in side chains of methyl methacrylate polymers, thermal stability and glass transition temperature of polymers are increased. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4989–4995, 2006     

Kinetics of the enzymatic degradation of poly(vinyl acetate) in solution

The enzymatic degradability of poly(vinyl acetate) was investigated in toluene solutions at various temperatures with hog pancreas lipase. The polymer degraded by specific scission to yield oligomeric products with a molecular weight of 700. Continuous distribution kinetics were used to determine the rate coefficients. The variation of the rate coefficients with the temperature indicated an optimum at 55°C. The p‐toluene sulfonic acid catalyzed degradation of poly(vinyl acetate) was also investigated. The degradation mechanism was random chain scission, and the energy of activation for degradation was determined from the variation of the rate coefficients with the temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2579–2582, 2003     

国产SEBS流变性能评价

通过对国产SEBS(氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物)流变性能进行测试．分析不同结构、不同嵌段的S／B质量比值、不同相对分子质量、不同加工温度对SEBS产品流变性能的影响．促进用户对国产SEBS性能的了解。     

Entity Framework数据访问性能优化的几种方法

Entity Framework一般通过LINQ代码或lambda表达式自动生成SQL语句,开发效率很高,然而使用时如果不注意会引来性能问题。通过对不同方法使用Entity Framework进行比较,提出Entity Framework数据访问性能优化的几种方法,包括更新数据时使用无跟踪查询、通过附加数据修改和删除数据、合理使用ToList()和FirstOrDefault()、合理使用预先加载。经过性能测试,这些方法是有效的。     

分布式光纤测温系统在煤矿火灾检测中的应用

摘要：针对煤矿安全存在潜在的火灾问题,文中主要介绍分布式光纤测温原理及其在煤矿火灾监测中的应用。在系统结构上,本文提出了一种优化设计方案。此外,在信号处理方面,本文提出了一种命名为RLN-ELAM的新颖算法,用于检测并消除瑞利噪声对系统测量精度的影响,提高拉曼分布式光纤系统的测量精度。实验结果表明,利用此设计方案和算法后,可以使系统的温度分辨率、空间分辨率均有所提高,测量误差从7%降低到不足2%。在实验室进行的模拟实验中,对温度进行实际测量,结果表明,该煤矿火灾监测系统能够提供详细的温度分布情况并能够及时准确地报警,使工作人员随时掌握煤矿温度分布情况,及时准确地找到火灾发生区。     

半钢子午线轮胎的硫化测温

对245／75R16LT轮胎进行硫化测温，并依据得到的各部位胶料的等效硫化时间和实际硫化程度调整硫化工艺，调整后轮胎各部位胶料硫化程度均一性得到改善，成品轮胎的高速和耐久性能提高，同时，可节约能源，降低生产成本。     

Exothermic effect in the process of electron‐beam curing of epoxy resins

Temperature measurements have been performed in the process of electron‐beam curing of EB‐I and EB‐II epoxy resin systems. The influence of initiator content, resin type, and dose rate on the temperature of the systems was studied. Transverse and longitudinal temperatures of samples in the glass vessel were also analyzed. The nature of temperature curves varied with the different epoxy resin systems in the steel mold, but did not change with different contents of the initiator. At the same time, the heat had no effect on the gel fraction of epoxy resin systems. The temperature curve was greatly affected by the dose rate, and its peak value, peak width, and plateau value also increased with it. The transverse temperature of EB‐II glass vessel samples increased as the radiation dose increased and, in the same sample, the temperature reduced as the distance between the radiation center and the test point increased. The longitudinal temperature of EB‐I and EB‐II resin systems in a glass vessel decreased as the radiation depth increased. As the radiation dose increased, the temperature of the EB‐I resin system increased simultaneously, while that of the EB‐II resin system initially increased and then kept constant when the dose reached a certain value. The temperatures of these two resin systems decreased rapidly when the radiation process stopped. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2217–2222, 2004     

电子陶瓷和器件的低温共烧技术

较系统地介绍了电子器件用低温共烧陶瓷(low temperature cofired ceramics,LTCCs)材料,探讨了其工艺中的若干问题。电子器件用低温共烧陶瓷材料包括:玻璃/陶瓷复合材料、结晶化玻璃、晶化玻璃/陶瓷复合材料以及液相烧结陶瓷,其中典型的和最为常用的LTCCs为玻璃/陶瓷(特别是氧化铝)复合材料。正在研究的一些陶瓷介质材料中,Bi基介质材料引起了人们的关注。玻璃/陶瓷复合材料的制备工艺中,应当着重关注和加深了解玻璃的流动性和结晶性、玻璃的起泡、玻璃和陶瓷颗粒间的反应、共烧材料的匹配等问题,从优选材料配方和优化工艺着手,从而获得优质可靠的材质和器件。     

Lifetime assessment of epoxies by the kinetics of thermal degradation

The kinetics of thermal degradation of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS)‐cured glycidylethers (DGBA) and glycidylamines (TGDDM) have been studied by isothermal annealing. Thermal degradation proceeds via first‐order kinetics with activation energies of 138 (DGBA/DDS) and 95 kJ/mol (TGDDM/DDS). From these data the temperature‐dependent lifetime can be calculated. Based on the heat distortion temperature and 20 years' service as criteria, the upper service temperature is found to be around 115–120°C. In spite of the different activation energies and bond stabilities, only marginal differences in the upper allowed service temperatures between these resins were found. Only slight improvements can be expected by optimizing the cure conditions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1881–1886, 2004     

安钢二炼焦加热集散控制系统

安钢二炼焦焦炉加热控制系统根据蓄热室温度，建立了可靠的数学模型，通过控制加热煤气的压力和烟道废气吸力实现加热的自动控制，并实现参数无纸记录，日报表的自动生成，设备巡检的记录等功能。