猪肉腌制过程中亚硝酸钠添加量对其质构的影响

亚硝酸盐是腌腊肉制品中常用的食品添加剂,具有发色、抑菌、改善风味和质构等作用。本试验应用质构剖面分析方法(TextureProfileAnalysis,TPA)对猪肉腌制过程中不同亚硝酸钠添加量对其质构的影响做了初步研究,发现随着腌制时间的增加,硬度(Hardness)、胶黏性(Adhesiveness)、弹性(Springiness)和咀嚼性(Chewiness)增加,而粘聚性(Cohesiveness)和回复性(Resilience)减小。添加亚硝酸盐后,硬度和咀嚼性增加显著(p<0.05),胶黏性和弹性增加不显著(p>0.05);粘聚性减少不显著(p>0.05),回复性减少显著(p<0.05)。猪肉腌制过程中化学成分变化显示,水分、脂肪、蛋白质、胶原蛋白和亚硝酸盐都有降低趋势。通过化学成分含量与质构指标的相关分析,水分含量与胶黏性、回复性和弹性的相关性较高(分别为r=0.891,r=-0.770,r=-0.770:p<0.05),是影响质构的主要因素;亚硝酸盐与弹性显著负相关(r=-0.808,p<0.05),而与其它质构指标相关系数较低;胶原蛋白含量与回复性的相关性较高(r=0.740,p<0.05);脂肪、蛋白质含量与质构指标的相关系数较低。     

上光干燥固化工艺研究进展

综述国内外上光机烘干固化系统的应用现状,综合分析上光干燥工艺存在问题,提出上光干燥固化工艺需改进的研究对策,最后探讨干燥固化工艺的发展趋势。     

Heat Curing of Soy Protein Films at Atmospheric and Sub-atmospheric Conditions

ABSTRACT: The effect of heat curing at atmospheric or subatmospheric conditions on selected properties (moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), color, tensile strength (TS), elongation (E), and total soluble matter (TSM) content) of cast soy protein isolate films was investigated. Films were heat cured at 85 °C for 6, 12, 18, or 24 h at absolute pressures of 101.3, 81.32, or 61.32 kPa. Heat-cured films had increased (P < 0.05) TS and decreased (P < 0.05) WVP and E compared to control, unheated films. Heat treatment under vacuum reduced the WVP of films faster than heat curing at atmospheric pressure. High TS values, low E values, and low TSM values were also reached within short heating time under vacuum. However, vacuum treatment increased the size and number of cavities in cured films as evidenced by scanning electron micrographs.     

Effects of Salting, Drying, Cooking, and Smoking Operations on Volatile Compound Formation and Color Patterns in Pork

ABSTRACT: The traditional small-scale production of boucané, a cured smoked pork-belly product from Réunion, involves several unit operations that are performed in a single step. The aim of this study was to highligh the impact of 4 unit operations (salting, drying, cooking, and smoking) on stability, color, and flavor development in processed pork. These characateristics are the 3 main criteria of boucané's quality. Mass transfer, color, and volatile compounds were measured, analyzed, and compared in 4 products. Results indicated that a major quantity of volatile compounds detected in the processed meat were derived from the smoking process. Color variations were mainly explained by muscle pigment modification due to the cooking process, and by the input of volatile compounds of smoke.     

关于低温肉制品发展趋势的一点思考

简要分析了低温肉制品的现状及存在的主要问题，提出了低温肉制品产业结构和食品安全等方面的发展趋势。     

羊毛生物酶低温染色工艺研究

通过研究蛋白酶羊毛低温染色的协同促染剂，得出在pH值为弱酸性条件下，选用对羊毛鳞片有较好乳化作用的表面活性剂OP-10和对诺和LanL酶有较好激活作用的激活剂MgSO4，可以使酶的用量降低为2％，降低了生产成本，使羊毛弱酸性生物低温染色工艺实现工业化成为可能。     

密集烤房陶火管散热系统研究

为有效解决密集烤房散热系统的耐用性和设备的更新换代问题,降低密集烤房建造成本,提高散热设备使用寿命,我们通过改进散热系统的使用材质和设计结构,采用成本低廉、取材方便、经久耐用的陶火管散热系统来代替钢质材料散热系统。对比试验结果表明,陶火管散热系统比钢质材料散热系统成本低2 400元/座,使用寿命增加6～10年,烤房烘烤性能、烘烤运行成本及烤后烟叶外观质量较理想,陶火管散热系统具有很好的推广应用前景。     

1-MCP对低温贮藏苹果灰霉病抗性的诱导作用

以红富士苹果为试材,研究1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）对低温贮藏（0±1）℃苹果灰霉病的控制效果及其诱导抗病机理。结果表明：采后1 μL/L 1-MCP处理较对照可显著降低损伤接种苹果灰霉病的发病率,抑制病斑的扩展（P＜0.05）。同时1-MCP处理能够诱导果实中苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶活性的提高,促进总酚、类黄酮和木质素的积累,降低膜脂过氧化程度,减少丙二醛的产生,从而提高果实的抗病性。研究结果可为1-MCP防治苹果采后病害提供理论依据。     

半堆积式烤房的试验、研究和应用

结合安徽实际对半堆积式烤房的结构进行了改造,初步探讨了适合的烘烤工艺,并与普通烤房和烤霸进行了比较试验.实践证明,半堆积式烤房具有安全、省工、节能、高效的特点,建造成本、烘烤成本和投入产出比等多项指标优于普通烤房和烤霸.     

烤烟燃煤密集烤房的改进探讨

介绍了几种密集烤房在烤烟烘烤过程中出现的一些问题,并以STR-1型烤烟燃煤密集烤房为例探讨了其结构的改进及效果。改造后的烤房温度控制灵敏,平面温度基本均匀,垂直温度差在2℃以内,并且加煤操作方便,热能利用率提高,排湿顺畅,烟叶烘烤质量和经济效益也得到了显著提高。