Modelling and characterisation for the responsive performance of CF/PLA and CF/PEEK smart materials fabricated by 4D printing

4D printing, which is the combination of 3D printing technology and printable smart materials, provides the potential of automating actuation devices. In this paper, we have used a modified-fused deposition modelling 3D printing technology to fabricate a double-layer laminate smart material, which can be activated by temperature directly or by an electric circuit indirectly. A double-layer laminate mathematical model has been developed to describe the bending behaviour caused by the mismatch strain between the surface layer and the basal layer. The electrocaloric deformation testings were performed to find the different bending rules of this low-cost printed active composite in different physical states. The considerable maximal deformation values and deformation force (7?mm and 100?mN for these carbon fibre (CF)/polylactic acid specimens, and 10?mm and 200?mN for these CF/polyether-ether-ketone specimens in the paper) provide this double-layer smart material and 4D printing method the prospective to be applied in biomimetic sensors, actuators, transducers, and artificial muscles.     

China’s practice on the non-navigational uses of transboundary waters: transforming diplomacy through rules of international law

China’s abundant transboundary water resources face new challenges as demands increase, internally and externally. As China seeks new ways to cooperate with its riparian neighbours, more attention is being paid to international water law in the evolving diplomatic practice across the region. China’s (mostly) bilateral transboundary water cooperation is here characterized as ‘responsive diplomacy’. This paper explores China’s state practice in this context and concludes by recommending that it moves from ‘responsive’ towards ‘preventive’ diplomacy. The author offers strategic and policy responses in order to effect this change.     

磁助捕集分离制样/X射线荧光测量微量Tc

建立了磁助捕集分离制样(MASP)/X射线荧光分析微量Tc的方法,使用磁化树脂作为固相捕集剂捕集溶液中的锝,利用外加磁场快速分离制样,实现捕集、分离及制样同时完成,可直接使用X射线荧光测量样品Tc含量。研究并分析了反应时间、磁化树脂用量、液相体积及酸度等因素对测量的影响,给出了推荐测量分析流程。使用磁助捕集分离制样,对Tc的检出限为0.33mg/L,满足PUREX流程1AW工艺点测量Tc的要求。     

Modeling and designing for ship steering integrated simulator

The modeling of a ship steering integrated simulator(SSIS)applied to the design,debugging and maintenance of an autopilot is discussed.A nonlinear responsive model is proposed and applied to the design of SSIS.The SSIS generates real signals of the ship heading,the rudder angle,the ship position and the output to the autopilot.A variety of factors,such as ship speed variety,shallow water effect,nonlinearity of yaw and actuator,and environmental disturbances like wind,wave and current are considered carefully.Detailed formulas for calculating relevant parameters are provided.Taken a naval ship as an example,the physical-digital simulations on SSIS and the digital simulation on a Marine System Simulator(MSS)were conducted separately in various sailing conditions.Simulation results show that the simple nonlinear responsive model can be applied to ship motion control and simulation with sufficient accuracy and effectiveness.     

一种基于磁耦合谐振式的高效率双频无线能量传输系统

为了提高磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输系统的效率,本文提出了一种新型的双频无线能量传输的发射和接收装置.在发射端和接收端中,该装置在发射端和接收端中均采用一个馈电线圈对两个谐振线圈馈电;两个谐振线圈工作在不同的频率并通过磁耦合的方式把能量从发射端向接收端同频传输.由于两个谐振线圈均参与了能量传输,所以该传输装置能在较远的距离实现效率较高的双频能量传输.为了验证该理论模型的特性,本文将其设计在PCB板材上并进行仿真和实验测试.仿真和实验结果表明:该双频磁谐振耦合无线能量传输装置的能量传输频率为6.78和13.56 MHz;在传输距离为装置尺寸60%时达到最高效率,其最高效率分别为88.5%和56.7%.     

Electromagnetic Calculation and Plasma Leakage Rate Analysis of the Magnetically Confined Plasma Rocket

An electromagnetic calculation and the parameters of the magnet system of the magnetically confined plasma rocket were established. By using ANSYS code, it was found that the leakage rate depends on the current intensity of the magnet and the change of the magnet position.     

平面转子磁悬浮陀螺的原理、建模与分析

实现平面转子的稳定悬浮是磁悬浮陀螺的关键所在.介绍了一种利用微细加工方法实现的磁悬浮陀螺仪模型的悬浮系统.在该悬浮系统中,利用电感检测的方法获取转子的位置信号,并对该信号进行PID处理,再将其用于控制悬浮线圈中的电流大小对悬浮力进行控制,最终实现了平面转子的稳定悬浮.文中进行了系统建模,对系统悬浮力进行分析,同时利用Mat lab/simulink对其仿真,得出了转子位置的动态响应,并通过改变仿真参数,对系统结构、悬浮高度等参数进行优化.     

磁场耦合无线电能传输系统最大功率要素分析

针对无线电能传输系统的功率和效率问题,在特定频率下研究了影响无线电能传输系统最大传输功率的若干要素。以磁场耦合单元为核心建立简化模型,包括发射回路、接收回路,以及两个回路之间的磁场耦合单元。分别研究发射回路电抗、接收回路电抗、互感电抗等在单独变化,或协同变化时,如何影响最大功率传输条件,最大功率值和传输效率等。研究发现,不同情况下的最大功率传输条件之间存在内在联系;在发射回路与接收回路电阻乘积较小时,松耦合谐振才能传输最大功率。此结论不依赖于阻抗补偿形式,并且对感应耦合式和磁场共振式无线电能传输系统均适用。仿真和实验结果与理论分析结果一致。     

快速响应磁控电抗器抑制特高压操作过电压研究

针对高电压等级电网的过电压限制与无功补偿存在矛盾的问题,提出了一种大容量并具有快速响应能力的磁控电抗器的设计方案.磁控电抗器的本体采用单相双绕组结构,保证了运行可靠性;接入电网的三相电抗器组的工作绕组以星形联结,中性点接小电抗,控制绕组为三角形联结以减小输出谐波;通过对低压控制回路直流电压的调节实现对电抗器输出容量的控制.提出2种励磁方式实现了磁控电抗器响应速度的大幅提高;也可采用控制绕组短接的方法实现电抗器容量的突增,以限制线路的操作过电压水平.应用一条1000 kV特高压线路模型,对采用常规并联高压电抗器和磁控高压电抗器时对三相对称合闸过电压的限制效果进行了计算分析,结果表明应用快速响应磁控电抗器可以对特高压线路操作过电压进行有效限制.