Transparent,Stimuli‐Responsive Films from Cellulose‐Based Organogel Nanoparticles

The use of bio‐based nanoscaled cellulose for the construction of novel functional materials has progressed rapidly over the past years. In comparison to most of studies starting with the hydrophilic nanoscaled cellulose, surface‐stearoylated cellulose nanoparticles (SS‐CNPs) are used in this report for the construction of multifunctional, responsive films. SS‐CNPs with an average size of 115 ± 0.5 nm are obtained after the surface‐modification of cellulose under heterogeneous conditions. Crystalline cellulose core is present within SS‐CNPs according to solid‐state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. SS‐CNPs show excellent dispersibility in nonpolar solvents and form temperature‐responsive organogels in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at low temperature or after long time storage at room temperature. Moreover, transparent and self‐standing films of SS‐CNPs from their THF‐suspension show solvent‐responsive surface wettability and responsive shape‐memory property. SS‐CNPs can also be used for the fabrication of nanocomposite films together with nonpolar compounds, such as (2‐stearoylaminoethyl) rhodamine B. Thus, these novel SS‐CNPs derived from sustainable cellulose fibers are promising candidates for the construction of novel functional materials.     

pH‐ and NIR Light‐Responsive Micelles with Hyperthermia‐Triggered Tumor Penetration and Cytoplasm Drug Release to Reverse Doxorubicin Resistance in Breast Cancer

The acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hurdle for the successful chemotherapy of tumors. Herein, a novel hybrid micelle with pH and near‐infrared (NIR) light dual‐responsive property is reported for reversing doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in breast cancer. The hybrid micelles are designed to integrate the pH‐ and NIR light‐responsive property of an amphiphilic diblock polymer and the high DOX loading capacity of a polymeric prodrug into one single nanocomposite. At physiological condition (i.e., pH 7.4), the micelles form compact nanostructure with particle size around 30 nm to facilitate blood circulation and passive tumor targeting. Meanwhile, the micelles are quickly dissociated in weakly acidic environment (i.e., pH ≤ 6.2) to release DOX prodrug. When exposed to NIR laser irradiation, the hybrid micelles can trigger notable tumor penetration and cytosol release of DOX payload by inducing tunable hyperthermia effect. In combination with localized NIR laser irradiation, the hybrid micelles significantly inhibit the growth of DOX‐resistant MCF‐7/ADR breast cancer in an orthotopic tumor bearing mouse model. Taken together, this pH and NIR light‐responsive micelles with hyperthermia‐triggered tumor penetration and cytoplasm drug release can be an effective nanoplatform to combat cancer MDR.     

一种磁性介孔硅纳米探针及其对Fe~(3+)的识别和脱除

制备了一种可用于Fe~(3+)检测和脱除的香豆素类磁性介孔硅纳米探针MMS-C,通过TEM、FT-IR、XRD、N2吸附手段表征了其结构。性能测试结果表明,MMS-C在甲醇中对Fe~(3+)表现荧光猝灭的响应和较高的识别选择性。此外,MMS-C对Fe~(3+)具有一定的脱除能力,脱除率为38.9%。     

Application of stimuli responsive polymers for sustainable ion exchange chromatography

Ion exchange processes are widely used in the food, bioprocessing and related industries for the isolation of proteins and other ionic species. Traditional ion exchange resins require salts, acids or bases for releasing adsorbed molecules creating a strong saline waste stream with negative environmental and economic impact. Stimuli responsive polymers (SRPs) with ion exchange functional groups can be used to selectively capture and release charged molecules from a complex mixture using physical stimuli to trigger conformational transitions in the polymer. The structural change of the polymers in response to a stimulus may lead to reduced ligand–target molecule interaction resulting in the release of the captured molecule without the use of chemical reagents, thereby reducing the environmental burden associated with ion exchange processes. The use of temperature responsive polymers has already been demonstrated for such applications at analytical scale. However, little progress has been made to extend these discoveries to the development of materials and methods amenable to industrial scale processing. So far, other SRPs such as, electric, magnetic and light responsive polymers remain largely unexplored for such application. This article discusses the potential of temperature responsive and other SRPs for developing sustainable ion exchange processes. It also highlights the material science and engineering challenges that need to be overcome to bring such processes to industrial application.     

真空磁绝缘线B-dot电流探测器的研制

为了测量阳加速器新真空磁绝缘线的电流,研制并标定了B-dot探测器。2个B-dot的探测器分别安装在磁绝缘线的入口和中部,输出信号与被测电流的微分成正比,经RC积分后获得电流信号。B-dot探测器采用在线标定,当阴阳极短接点数量较少,且位置距离探测器较近时,会因真空绝缘线(MITL)电流密度不均匀导致标定不准确,故需增多短接点。当短接点的位置距离探测器约2m时,即使只设置2个连接点,探测器位置的MITL电流密度近似均匀。加速器实验结果表明:在MITL阴阳极较近的位置,将B-dot探头安装在阳极孔中不影响磁绝缘效果,B-dot探测器测试稳定可靠,其设计和标定方法可行。     

Simulation of the effect of a magnetically insulated anode on a low-power cylindrical Hall thruster

The intersection point of the characteristic magnetic field line (CMFL) crossing the anode boundary with the discharge channel wall,and its influence on thruster performance and the energy and flux of ions bombarding the channel wall,have been studied numerically.The simulation results demonstrate that with the increase in distance from the crossover point of the CMFL with the channel wall to the bottom of the thruster channel,the ionization rate in the discharge channel gradually increases;meanwhile,the ion energy and ion current density bombarding the channel wall decreases.When the point of the CMFL with the channel wall is at the channel outlet,the thrust,specific impulse,and efficiency are at a maximum,while the ion energy and ion current density bombarding the channel wall are at a minimum.Therefore,to improve the performance and lifetime of the thruster,it is important to control the point of intersection of the CMFL with the channel wall.     

磁阀式可控电抗器在高压电机软起动中的应用

在比较各种软起动方式的基础上,提出了一种新型电机磁控软起动方案,即在电动机定子回路串入磁饱和可控电抗器来实现电机的软起动,能保证电动机按负载要求的起动特性平滑起动,有效地降低电机起动对电网的冲击。     

光激化学发光免疫检测探针材料的设计与制备

光激化学发光免疫检测具有无背景荧光干扰、均相免洗的优势,在体外诊断快速检测领域中具有重要的应用前景。然而,该检测技术所用探针材料的稳定可控制备仍是该技术产业化应用的主要难点之一。采用PVP调控的共聚法,制备的负载铕螯合物Eu(DBM)₃Phen和硫氧杂环己烯衍生物PCU的聚苯乙烯纳米球作为受体球。采用介孔二氧化硅包覆,制备的负载光敏剂Ce6的Fe₃O₄@mSiO₂纳米球作为磁控驱动的供体球。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、能谱仪等手段对受体球和磁控供体球进行表征。结果表明：受体球呈规则球形且尺寸均一,平均粒径约为200 nm,易分散于水,能与单线态氧作用而发光,最大发射波长约为615 nm;磁控供体球呈球形核壳结构,平均粒径约为700 nm,易分散于水中,在波长680 nm光照下能产生单线态氧,可用磁铁分离。分别用兔IgG和羊抗兔IgG修饰磁控供体球和受体球,结果显示两者之间能发生有效的特异性结合,用磁铁分离去除非特异性结合的探针球后,成功测得光激化学发光信号,证明了两种探针材料的成功制备。