Thermophysical Properties of Fluids: From Realistic to Simple Models and Their Applications

Recent systematic and extensive computer simulations on realistic models of polar and associating fluids have shown that the long-range interactions have only marginal effect on the properties of these fluids. This finding leads to short-range models upon which a perturbation theory may be developed. An attempt to develop a methodology to construct such models (called primitive models) directly from the parent realistic models without resorting to (or reducing at least to minimum) ad hoc adjustments is presented and exemplified by constructing models of methanol, water, and carbon dioxide. It is shown that the structural properties of the primitive model fluids obtained by means of purely theoretical considerations compare well with those of their realistic counterparts.     

Characteristics and evolution of ore-forming fluids of the Chongjiang copper deposit in the Gangdise porphyry copper belt, Tibet

Petrography, microthermometry, and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer （SEM/EDS） studies were performed on the fluid inclusions in the ore-beating quartz veins and quartz phenocrysts in the porphyry of the Chongjiang porphyry copper deposit. The analyses of the fluid inclusions indicate that the ore-forming fluids were exsolved from magma. They are near-saturated, supercritical, rich in volatile constituents, and have the capture temperature of 362-389℃ and salinities of 17.7wt%- 18.9wt% NaC1 eq. With the decreasing of temperature and pressure, the supercritical fluids were separated into a low salinity vapor phase and a high salinity liquid phase. During quartz-sericitization, the high salinity fluid boiled and separated into a low salinity vapor phase and a high salinity liquid phase. The high salinity inclusions that formed in the boiling process had daughter mineral melting temperatures higher than the homogenization temperatures of the vapor and liquid phases. The late fluids that are responsible for argillization are of lower temperature and salinity.     

碳黑对磁敏高弹体力学性能的影响

磁敏高弹体也称磁流变弹性体，是一种新型的功能材料和智能材料，其力学性能可以由外加磁场来控制。制备了不同碳黑含量的磁流变弹性体，并实验研究了其磁流变效应和热稳定性，得出了碳黑对磁流变弹性体力学性能的影响。实验结果表明，制备磁流变弹性体时，向基体中添加适量的碳黑，能够增强材料的磁流变效应、降低材料的损耗因子、提高材料的热稳定性。     

Fe3O4/聚苯乙烯中空微球磁性复合微粒的制备及其磁流变性能的研究

用共沉淀法在聚苯乙烯（PS）中空微球表面包覆Fe3O4，制备了Fe3O4/Ps中空微球磁性复合微粒，当磁性包覆层的厚度为30～50nm时，复合微粒的室温表现密度为1．5g/cm^3，为传统磁流变液（MRF）中所用铁粉等软磁性颗粒密度（约7．9g/cm^3）的1/5，更为接近MRF中载液的密度。复合颗粒的磁滞回线比较狭长，呈软磁性，其磁性能和Fe3O4纳米颗粒相差不大。与Fe3O4颗粒相比，Fe3O4/PS中空磁性复合微粒在水载液中的沉降稳定性大大提高，复合微粒含量越高，其沉降稳定性越好。在磁性微粒含量相同的条件下，基于Fe3O4/PS中空磁性复合微粒的MRF的磁流变性能明显优于基于Fe3O4纳米微粒的MRF。     

基于预测算法的结构振动半主动控制

根据离散时间状态下的Newmark时域积分方法预测结构响应值,通过在一定范围内寻找适当的控制力参数使目标函数最优,达到对结构振动响应的预测控制。对地震波作用下配置磁流变阻尼器的的两层框架结构进行数值分析,讨论控制策略中有关参数变化对振动抑制效果的影响。分析结果表明基于Newmark-β预测算法的结构振动响应半主动控制优于基于全局最优解的经典反馈控制系统,控制效果明显、鲁棒性好。     

Relationship between subsurface damage and surface roughness of ground optical materials

A theoretical model of relationship between subsurface damage and surface roughness was established to realize rapid and non-destructive measurement of subsurface damage of ground optical materials.Postulated condition of the model was that subsurface damage depth and peak-to-valley surface roughness are equal to depth of radial and lateral cracks in brittle surface induced by small-radius(radius≤200 μm)spherical indenter,respectively.And contribution of elastic stress field to the radial cracks propagation was also considered in the loading cycle.Subsurface damage depth of ground BK7 glasses was measured by magnetorheological finishing spot technique to validate theoretical ratio of subsurface damage to surface roughness.The results show that the ratio is directly proportional to load of abrasive grains and hardness of optical materials,while inversely proportional to granularity of abrasive grains and fracture toughness of optical materials.Moreover,the influence of the load and fracture toughness on the ratio is more significant than the granularity and hardness,respectively.The measured ratios of 80 grit and 120 grit fixed abrasive grinding of BK7 glasses are 5.8 and 5.4,respectively.     

环带磁场在磁流变抛光技术中的应用

磁流变抛光是获得光滑光学表面的理想工艺之一.为了获得一种可用于磁流变抛光中的环形磁场,设计了一种新型的环带式磁场结构,并对其进行模拟与分析,利用该磁场结构构造了一种面接触式的磁流变抛光设备.实际测量证明该磁场结构可形成满足磁流变抛光要求的高梯度磁场.将环形磁极浸入磁流变抛光液中,可使其形成圆环状的Bingham凸起;利用它对K9玻璃进行抛光,可使其表面粗糙度达到约为1 nm的水平.     

Exosomes in bodily fluids are a highly stable resource of disease biomarkers

Biomarkers are measurable indicators of a biological state. As our understanding of diseases meliorates, it is generally accepted that early diagnosis renders the best chance to cure a disease. In the context of proteomics, the discovery phase of identifying bonafide biomarkers and the ensuing validation phase involving large cohort of patient samples are impeded by the complexity of bodily fluid samples. High abundant proteins found in blood plasma make it difficult for the detection of low abundant proteins that may be potential biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have reignited interest in the field of biomarker discovery. EVs contain a tissue-type signature wherein a rich cargo of proteins and RNA are selectively packaged. In addition, as EVs are membranous structures, the luminal contents are protected from degradation by extracellular proteases and are highly stable in storage conditions. Interestingly, an appealing feature of EV-based biomarker analysis is the significant reduction in the sample complexity compared to whole bodily fluids. With these prescribed attributes, which are the rate-limiting factors of traditional biomarker analysis, there is immense potential for the use of EVs for biomarker detection in clinical settings. This review will discuss the current issues with biomarker analysis and the potential use of EVs as reservoirs of disease biomarkers.     

Methodology for in-line rheology by ultrasound Doppler velocity profiling and pressure difference techniques

This paper describes a methodology for measuring rheological flow properties in-line, in real-time, based on simultaneous measurements of velocity profiles using an ultrasound velocity profiling (UVP) technique with pressure difference (PD) technology. The methodology allows measurements that are rapid, non-destructive and non-invasive and has several advantages over methods presented previously. The set-up used here allows direct access to demodulated echo amplitude data, thus providing an option to switch between time domain algorithms and algorithms based on FFT for estimating velocities, depending on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and time resolution required. Software based on the MATLAB^® graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed and provides a powerful and rapid tool for visualizing and processing the data acquired, giving rheological information in real-time and in excellent agreement with conventional methods. This paper further focuses on crucial aspects of the methodology: implementation of low-pass filter and singular value decomposition (SVD) methods, non-invasive measurements and determination of the wall positions using channel correlation and methods based on SVD. Measurements of sound velocity and attenuation of ultrasound in-line were introduced to increase measurement accuracy and provide an interesting approach to determine particle concentration in-line. The UVP-PD methodology presented may serve as an in-line tool for non-invasive, real-time monitoring and process control.