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191.
192.
The c-axis preferred orientation of ZnO film is the most important factor for its successful application in piezoelectric devices. The effects of surface roughness of the substrate on the c-axis preferred orientation of ZnO thin films, deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, were investigated. During sputtering, the oxygen content in the argon environment used was varied from 0 to 70% at a total sputtering pressure of 10 mTorr. Very smooth Si, smooth evaporated Au/Si, smooth evaporated-Al/Si, and rough sputtered-Al/Si were used as substrates. Their r.m.s. roughnesses, as measured by atomic force microscopy, were 1.27, 17.1, 21.1 and 65-118 Å, respectively. The crystalline structure and the angular spread of the (0 0* 2) plane normal to the ZnO films were determined using X-ray diffraction and X-ray rocking curves, respectively. The crystallinity and the preferred c-axis orientation of the ZnO films were strongly dependent on the surface roughness of the substrates rather than on the oxygen content of the working environment or on the chemical nature of the substrate. 相似文献
193.
Nanocrystalline Gd2O3:A (A=Eu3+, Dy3+, Sm3+, Er3+) phosphor films and their patterning were fabricated by a Pechini sol–gel process combined with a soft lithography. X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, UV/vis transmission and photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as lifetimes were used to characterize the resulting films. The results of XRD indicated that the films began to crystallize at 500 °C and that the crystallinity increased with the elevation of annealing temperatures. Uniform and crack free non-patterned phosphor films were obtained by optimizing the composition of the coating sol, which mainly consisted of grains with an average size of 70 nm and a thickness of 550 nm. Using micro-molding in capillaries technique, we obtained homogeneous and defects-free patterned gel and crystalline phosphor films with different stripe widths (5, 10, 20 and 50 μm). Significant shrinkage (50%) was observed in the patterned films during the heat treatment process. The doped rare earth ions (A) showed their characteristic emission in crystalline Gd2O3 phosphor films due to an efficient energy transfer from Gd2O3 host to them. Both the lifetimes and PL intensity of the rare earth ions increased with increasing the annealing temperature from 500 to 900 °C, and the optimum concentrations for Eu3+, Dy3+, Sm3+, Er3+ were determined to be 5, 0.25, 1 and 1.5 mol% of Gd3+ in Gd2O3 films, respectively. 相似文献
194.
A.L. Pan H.G. ZhengZ.P. Yang F.X. Liu Z.J. Ding Y.T. Qian 《Materials Research Bulletin》2003,38(5):789-796
Small Ag particles or clusters dispersed mesoporous SiO2 composite films were prepared by a new method: First the matrix SiO2 films were prepared by sol-gel process combined with the dip-coating technique, then they were soaked in AgNO3 solutions followed by irradiation of γ-ray at room temperature and in ambient pressure. The structures of these films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), and optical absorption spectroscopy. It has been shown that the Ag particles grown within the porous SiO2 films are very small, and they are isolated and dispersed from each other with very narrow size distributions. With increasing the soaking concentration and an additional annealing, an opposite peakshift effect of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was observed in the optical absorption measurements. 相似文献
195.
机械合金化Fe-Ni粉末的相结构 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用XRD和Moessbauer等方法,研究了在Ar气氛下机械合金化Fe—Ni粉末相结构的变化.结果表明,在机械合金化Fe64-Ni36粉末过程中,fcc相的数量随着球磨时间的增加先增加然后减少,与加乙醇球磨Fe64-Ni36的情形相同.当Ni的含量(原子分数)大于50%时,有fcc相、顺磁相和FeNi3形成,当Ni的含量低于50%时,bcc相的数量随着Ni含量减少而增加.Moessbauer谱的结果表明,因球磨时间或Fe、Ni比例的不同,Fe—Ni球磨粉末固溶体具有不同结构的原子配比。 相似文献
196.
Concrete interlocking blocks (CIBs) are utilized in a variety of commercial, municipal, and industrial applications. Superior engineering properties, low maintenance, ease of placement and removal, reuse of original blocks, aesthetic appeal, and immediate availability are the primary reasons for choosing concrete block pavement over other paving surfaces. It is a common practice to pigment building materials, such as mortar, concrete pavers, concrete roof tiles, and prefabricated concrete products; CIBs are colored using iron oxide pigments. This article presents experimental results detailing the properties of CIBs dyed with pigments. The results of these experiments are as follows: Because the particles of iron oxide pigments are finer than those of brown iron oxide, interlocking blocks mixed with the former acquired higher color strength than with the latter. Additional analysis determined a definite relationship between the flexural strength and the absorption ratio of pigment-dyed blocks; the correlation coefficient (R2) of interlocking blocks at 91 days was .90. It is suggested that if iron oxide pigments are to be used to color CIBs, the pigment-to-cement ratio should be below 4%. 相似文献
197.
198.
199.
Polyaryloxydiphenylsilanes were prepared from phosphorus‐containing diols and diphenydichlorolsilane through solution polymerization. With a stoichiometric imbalance in feed monomers, the resulting polymers exhibited moderate melting points and good processing properties. The polymers prepared showed initial decomposition temperatures above 340 °C, excellent thermal stability, high char yields at 850 °C and very high limited oxygen index values of 56–59. The polymers' char yields and their (P + Si) contents showed linear relationships. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
200.
M. Kaiarov E. Rudnayov J. Koval
ík J. Dusza M. Hnatko P. ajgalík A. Merstallinger 《Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik》2003,34(4):338-342
In the presented work some properties of a recently developed Si3N4/SiC micro/nanocomposite have been investigated. The material was tested using a pin on disc configuration. Under unlubricated sliding conditions using Si3N4 pin at 50 % humidity, the friction coefficient was in the range of 0,6 ‐ 0,7. The reduction of humidity resulted in a lower coefficient of friction, in vacuum the coefficient of friction had a value of about 0,6. The wear resistance in vacuum was significantly lower then that in air. The wear patterns on the Si3N4+SiC disc revealed that mechanical fracture was the wear controlling mechanism. Creep tests were realized in four point bending configuration in the temperature interval 1200‐1400 °C at stresses 50,100 and 150 MPa and the minimal creep deformation rate was established for each stress level. The activation energy, established from the minimal creep deformation had a value of about 360 kJ/mol and the stress exponent values were in the range of 0.8‐1.28. From the achieved stress exponents it can be assumed that under the studied load/temperature conditions the diffusion creep was the most probable creep controlling mechanism. 相似文献